Relations Between Capital and Labor Flashcards
Class-Consciousness
What Marxists define as a feeling of living in a class, and the emotions that come with it.
“The Condition of the Working Class in England”
A pamphlet published by Friedrich Engels, that created a hatred of the middle class.
Luddites
Those who attacked factories and destroyed machinery in England in 1812, out of fear that the machines were taking their work.
William Blake
Leader of the Luddites, called the factories ‘satanic’.
Saint Monday
The name for Mondays prior to the rise of the Industrial Revolution, as many laborers took the day off. This waned as many workers simply worked longer hours for six days a week instead of five.
Working Conditions in Early Factories
Cotton Factories were the earliest factories, and laborers were hesitant and unwilling to work in them due to the unpleasant conditions. In addition, they were charged with fines if they did not do their work correctly, and children were beaten as well.
Pull an All NIghter
When workers would work through the night to get work done before the rise of Industry.
Factory Act of 1833
English law that led to a sharp decline in the employment of children by limiting the hours that children over age nine could work and requiring younger children to attend factory-run elementary schools.
Jedediah Strutt
Industrialist who believed that children should at east be ten to work in his textile mills.
Enlightened Employers
Industrialists, factory workers, and others who tried to pass reform bills such as the Factory Act of 1833 in order to protect workers rights.
Ethnic Ties
A common event where ethnic groups would work in similar conditions due to both ethnic relations and religious ties.
Separate Spheres
The idea that the man of the relationship of a marriage was the wage-earner, while the woman would stay at home and be a house-keeper and ‘loving wife’, and did not work.
Mine Act of 1842
English law prohibiting underground work for all women and girls, as well as for boys under ten.
Reaction to Separate Spheres
Most women enjoyed the freedom from work, claiming that they could focus on their housework and keeping their children out of trouble instead of working to pay for a woman to take care of the children.
Combination Acts
English laws passed in 1799 that outlawed unions and strikes, favoring capitalist business people over skilled artisans. Bitterly resented and widely disregarded by many craft guilds, the acts were repealed by Parliament in 1824.
