Related Brain Regions

Question 1

L_IFG

Answer 1

Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus; part of the frontal lobe, shaped like a wide “M” at the bottom front of the lateral view. Holds Broca’s area which is necessary for language processing and speech production.

Neighbors: Shares neurons with primary motor cortex so damage could result in dysarthria, aphasia etc

Question 2

R_IFG

Answer 2

Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus; contralateral view of L_IFG. Still implicated in language processing, but considerably less studied. Possibly implicated in attention, motor inhibition, imagery, social cognitive processes and figurative language.

Question 3

STG

Answer 3

Superior Temporal Gyrus; right below the lateral sulcus, site of the auditory association cortex and multisensory integration. Implicated in spoken word recognition.

Question 4

Pars opercularis

Answer 4

the last leg of the “M” in the IFG, aka Brodmann 44, this + the triangularis = Broca’s

Question 5

Pars triangularis

Answer 5

the middle triangle of the “M” in the IFG, aka Brodmann 45. Forms Broca’s with opercularis. Usually split into two parts (by the triangular sulcus) – anterior and posterior–. Responsible for the semantic processing of language.

Question 6

Pars orbitalis

Answer 6

most rostral; first leg of the “M” in the IFG, not traditionally considered a part of the language network but has recently been implicated in semantic and phonological processing and syntax.

I’m skeptical about this…why?

Question 7

Brodmann areas 44/45

Answer 7

Broca’s area; responsible for speech production

Question 8

ramus

Answer 8

a little branch/off-shoot from a big fissure or sulcus. Usually ascending or descending. “The ascending ramus of the Sylvian fissure separates the pars triangularis from the pars opercularis”

Question 9

Sylvian Fissure

Answer 9

aka the lateral sulcus; deepest line, horizontal. Separates the temporal lobe from the others. Provides the sole passageway for the middle cerebral artery.

Question 10

Perisylvian cortex

Answer 10

The areas on the surface around the sylvian fissure. It does too much to say exactly what it does. Really sophisticated functions.

Question 11

Precentral Gyrus

Answer 11

The primary motor cortex, right in front of the central sulcus. Important for speech production because the IFG (pars opercularis) sits flush against it.

Question 12

Heschl’s Gyrus

Answer 12

aka transverse temporal gyri. In the primary auditory cortex sits inside the sylvian fissure. Brodmann’s area 41/42

Question 13

Planum temporale

Answer 13

aka Wernicke’s. Necessary for language processing. Right behind Heschel’s gyrus. Most asymmetrical in the brain (way smaller on the right side than the left).

Question 14

Triangular sulcus

Answer 14

In the pars triangularis; separates it into two parts (an anterior and posterior part)

Question 15

Lateral Sulcus

Answer 15

aka the Sylvian fissure, deepest line through the

Question 16

transverse temporal gyri

Answer 16

aka Heschl’s gyrus; primary auditory cortex; implicated in categorical perception response consistency

Question 17

R_MFG

Answer 17

Right Middle Frontal Gyrus; “circuit-breaker” serves as the site of convergence for dorsal and ventral attention networks; activity during more categorical responses? (Fuhrmeister & Myers, 2021)

Question 18

General brain areas possibly implicated in categorical perception?

Answer 18

-bilateral STG
-inferior parietal cortex
-motor cortex
-prefrontal regions

Question 19

Brodmann Areas 41/42

Answer 19

Heschl’s Gyri. Primary auditory cortex