Rel 1005 Midterm Flashcards
The spread of greek culture and language
Hellenization
Greek influence on oriental civilizations that was snowballed by Alexander the Great
Hellenization
“Right action” focus on ritual performance, not belief
Orthopraxy
the “acceptable” religion
-ancient and peaceful
Pax Romana
hebrew word for the law
Torah
The first five books of the Hebrew Bible
Torah
Means “instruction” or “teaching”
Torah/ law
a contract between the Israelites and God
Covenant
an agreement
Covenant
Seleucid King, did not like Judaism, actively promoted Hellenism
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
put jewish priesthood up for sale
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Outlawed Circumcision
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Punished Toran followers
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Judas Maccabee led Jewish troops and revolted against Antiochus and kicked him out of Holy Land, ousted Seleucid Empire from Israel, reestablished Jewish autonomy
Maccabean Revolt
refers to thought about the end of the present evil age
Eschatology
the study of the way someone thinks of at that moment (stop living in the present age and start living in the new good age), almost all early Christians thought like this
Eschatology
understood as the residence for the “presence of God,” first one finished under King Solomon’s rule, destroyed by Babylonian armies, second temple permitted by Persian king Cyrus, destroyed by Roman armies
Jerusalem Temple
first temple built by David
detroyed by Romans in 70 c.e
Jerusalem Temple
the greek translation of the bible
Septuagint
primary scripture, becomes Paul’s Bible
Septuagint
Jewish group with little to no political power whose temples were not central to worship (synagogue)
Pharisees
Oral Torah
Did believe in fate/ angels/ resurrection of the dead
Literal and allegorical reading, socio-economic diversity
Pharisees
the aristocratic Jewish group that ran the Jerusalem temple central to worship, poetically powerful
Sadducees
Literal reading of scripture
DID NOT believe in fate/ angels/ resurrection from the dead
Sadducees
Think they are the true form of Judaism, get along well with ruling authorites
Sadducees
Jewish historian who mentions Jesus among the Judean populist preachers; tells us there was social unrest
Josephus
Recorded the events of the Maccabean Revolt
wrote Antiquities of the Jews and 1/2 Maccabees
Josephus
practiced guerilla warfare around the time of Jesus’ birth
inspired revolt movement
attacks Roman units
Judas the Galilean
Saw the census as direct Roman slavery, called himself a king
Judas the Galilean
- had 30,000 followers,
- threatened to destruction of Jerusalem
- Paul was mistaken for him, led -followers to the desert and back and tried to bring down Jerusalem
- followers killed on Mt. Olives (not sure if he escaped or was killed)
“The Egyptian”
- King of Judea with support of the Roman Army
- Established a new dynasty and bringing Hasmonean power to an end
- Destroyed all rivals and renovated the Temple in Jerusalem
Herod the Great
King when Jesus was born, native to Judea but loyal to Rome, ran the government very well, expanded Jerusalem, renovated and expanded Jerusalem temple complex and paid for everything, when he died the kingdom was divided and given to his 3 sons
Herod the Great
prophet and miracle worker who gathered many followers, was Jewish, did not understand himself as starting a new religion, challenged Jewish authorities, and was seen by Rome as a political threat
Jesus of Nazareth
- A charismatic miracle worker who preached apocalyptic form of secretaries Judaism
- Promised to restore the “Kingdom of God”
- Connected to 12 tribes of Israel
- Messiah
- arrested, tried, and crucified by Pontius Pilate
Jesus of Nazareth
- Most famous and ruthless ruler
- Crucified all who were suspected of revolt (public death)
- No respect for human life
- Built the city of Caesarea Phili[[i
Pontius Pilate
Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, Philemon (these are written by Paul)
Authentic Pauline Epistles
Ephesians, Colossians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Deutero-Pauline (2nd to Paul), scholars disagree about authorship, written pseudepigraphically
Disputed Pauline Epistles
-Where Paul meets with the pillars of the Church and presented his gospel/ Aegean mission
Jerusalem Council
Paul was called by God to participate in Israel’s covenant, only focused on non-Jews (Gentiles)
- revelations from God and spiritual gifts
- relied heavily on sanctification (abstain from fortification– pure life)
Paul’s Prophetic Calling
- Roman apartment style building
- Rich lived at bottom, poor at top
- some made into churches
Insula
Paul was worried about them (his opponents), they call him out for not speaking well, were very educated and also non Jewish
- Paul tries to match them to prove authority, they think Paul is wrong
- highly educated in rhetoric
- descendants to Abraham
- ministers of Christ
- endured great suffering, have mystical experience
Superapostles
the term Superapostles can be found in
2 Corinthians
a symbolic participation in the death and resurrection of Christ
Baptism
Jewish ritual washing used as an initiation rite into Body of Christ, purification, is a signal that death has no power over the new person
Baptism
the love feast, ritual meal that brings everyone together
Agape
“the love” that brings everyone together
Agape
“Christ Crucified” comes from
1 Corinthians
- Problem that Paul faced with Corinthians about the Ressurection
- Mistaken notion of resurrection
- threatens community with pollution
Realized eschatology
you can do what you want after you’re baptized
Realized eschatology
Emphasizes Christ’s pre-existence and “self-emptying”
“Emptying oneself into God”
Kenotic Christology
- Woman apostle
- Highly looked upon by Paul
Junia
A partner apostle, one of Paul’s female apostles, showed that within Paul’s churches women could have authority
Junia
Jesus’ birth occurred at
Bethlehem
Paul was educated in
Jerusalem
Paul spent two weeks in __ with Peter/Cephas
Jerusalem
Paul’s blowup with Peter occurred in
Antioch
Paul was beheaded in
Rome
Paul’s calling lead him from __ to __ back to __
Then straight from __ to Jerusalem
Damascus
Arabia
Damascus
Damascus
social status and hierarchy was evident in imperial
Rome
___, Turkey
Ephesus
Which was NOT a first century messianic movement? the eqyptian Jesus of Nazareth Archelaeus Theudas Judas the Galilean
Archelaeus
The book of Daniel was written just before
the Maccabean Revolt
Antiochus IV was the king of the
seleucid Empire
Paul mentions his mystical experience/ Prophetic calling in
Galatians
Paul wrote his letters during which decade?
50-60 ce
For certain knowledge about historical Jesus, scholars rely on
nothing
the “quest for historical Jesus” has painted which of the following pictures?
Jesus as a Jewish Rabbi, social reformer, revolutionary, feminist
The preaching of Jesus likely proclaimed
an apocalyptic message
Paul tells thessalonians that their communal identity was based on
sanctification
In ___ paul worries that PERSECUTIONS have shaken the communities commitment
1 Thessalonians
Paul’s charismatic authority was based primarily on
revelations from God and spiritual gifts
Onesimus was a
slave
“For this we declare to you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will by no means precede those who have died.. For the Lord himself will descend from heaven and the dead in Christ will rise first..
1 Thessalonians
the role of __ in Paul’s community lays at the root of many of the Corinthian’s problems
traditional social status
Problems of the church in Corinth
a member slept with stepmother
members were suing each other
members were forming factions
members misunderstood Paul’s teaching about the resurrection
For Paul, speaking in tongues was at the
bottom of hierarchy of spiritual gifts
The social system for mitigating the extreme socio-economic stratification characteristic of the Roman empire was
patronage
“Christ crucified” serves as a symbol of
the complete reversal of Roman social values
the rejection of traditional social status
around which the Corinthians should unify
“I am appealing to you for my child, Onesimus, whose father i have become during my imprisonment… now he is indeed useful both to you and me.. no longer as a slaved but more than a slave, a beloved brother.”
Philemon
Antiochus IV Epiphanies died in
Parthia
When does the narrative of the Book of Daniel take place?
During the Babylonian exile and during Persian rule of Palestine (6th century BC)
Who wrote the book of Daniel?
Unknown- sometimes in first person.. “i, Daniel…” but this is not the author
Why was the book of Daniel written?
to make sense of Antiochus IV Epiphanies’ desecration of the Temple and persecution of the Jews
Why does the author of the book of Daniel hate the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanies so much?
He forbid the study of the Torah, observance of the Sabbath, practice of circumcision. daily temple service, and he set up an altar to himself in the Temple
His reason for persecution of Jews is generally unknown
a Roman historian
Tacitus and Seutonius
a Satirist
Lucian
a physician and philosopher
Galen
Procurator of judea
Pontious Pilate (26-36 ce)
Roman rule of Judea lasted from
37 BCE- 637 CE
