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Geography AS- Rivers > Rejuvenation > Flashcards

Rejuvenation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are isostatic changes?

A

Changes in the level of the land in relation to the sea level.

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2
Q

What are eustatic changed?

A

Changes in the sea level in relation to the land level.

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3
Q

Rejuvenation causes what two things to be increased?

A
  • The rivers potential energy.

* The rivers capacity to erode (caused by the potential energy increase).

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4
Q

When rejuvenation happens, what does a river have to adjust to?

A

The river has to adjust to its new base level.

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5
Q

How does the river adjust to its new base level when rejuvenation is caused?

A

It does it from the sea and progressively inland.

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6
Q

When rejuvenation happens, what FIVE landforms can be caused?

A 
Waterfalls
Rapids
Incised meanders
Knick points
River terraces
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7
Q

What is the potential energy of a river?

A

The amount of energy a river could have, dependent on the altitude of the source in relation to the rivers base level.

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8
Q

What are the two types of energy a river can have?

A

Potential and kinetic energy.

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9
Q

Describe what the kinetic energy of a river is.

A

Generated by the flow of a river, which converts the rivers potential energy into moving energy.

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10
Q

Define what river terraces are.

A

Narrow and flat pieces of ground that run parallel to the river on either side of it and above the current floodplain level. Usually created by a fall in base level.

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11
Q

What are river terraces usually caused by?

A

A fall in base level.

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12
Q

Finish the sentence. A river terrace is a remnant of…

A

A former floodplain thee been left with w higher level after the rejuvenation of a river.

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13
Q

Describe the process of a river terrace forming.

A

When rejuvenation takes place, the river renews its down cutting power and sinks its new Channel into a former floodplain and the old floodplain (river terrace) is left above the present river level.

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14
Q

When a river is rejuvenated, what is renewed?

A

The rivers power of down cutting in the form of vertical erosion power.

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15
Q

After terraces have been formed, how can they be cut back?

A

They can be widened by the river laterally eroding.

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16
Q

What can cause terraces to form beneath old river terraces?

A

Renewed rejuvenation.

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17
Q

Renewed rejuvenation can cause what?

A

More river terraces to form beneath the old ones.

18
Q

Identify a river that has river terraces by several stages of erosion.

A

The river Thames.

19
Q

Describe two practical human uses for river terraces.

A
  • they can provide practical flood shelter in the rivers lower course.
  • can be natural route ways for roads and railways.
20
Q

Describe a place where river terraces have been used as natural tour ways for roads and railways.

A

The built up areas of Oxford and London are mostly located on the river terraces of the River Thames.

21
Q

Define what an incised meander.

A

A meander that’s cut deeply into the floodplain of a river, causing steep cliff like banks. The river is formed by river rejuvenation.

22
Q

Describe how the river is left when an incised meander is formed in the river.

A

The river level is left far below the former floodplain level.

23
Q

What needs to happen for any type of incised meander to form?

A

A river needs to keep its meandering course as vertical erosion in the river increases.

24
Q

What are the two types of incised meander that can be formed in a river by rejuvenation?

A
  • entrenched meander

* ingrown meander

25
Q

What are the three key features of any valley of an incised meander?

A

^deep
^steep sided
^wide valleys

26
Q

An ingrown meander is formed when there is _______ incision and _______ erosion.

A

Slow incision

Lateral erosion

27
Q

An ingrown meander has an ___________ valley.

A

Asymmetrical.

28
Q

Describe the shape of the bends of an ingrown meander.

A

The outer bends has steep cliffs and re inner bends had a gentler slip off slope.

29
Q

The outer bends of an ingrown meander has _______cliffs whereas the inner bend has a _______ slip off slope

A

INGROWN MEANDERS
Outer bend has steep cliffs
Inner bend has a gentler slip off slope

30
Q

What is the nature of the incised meander formed mainly determined by?

A

The rate at which vertical erosion is ensuing in when rejuvenation of the river takes place.

31
Q

What are entrenched meanders said to look like?

A

They have a Gorge like appearance.

32
Q

Explain the criteria for an entrenched meander to form.

A
  • rapid incision.
  • vertical erosion or down cutting dominates.
  • low level of lateral erosion.
33
Q

An entrenched meander gives a __________ valley.

A

Symmetrical.

34
Q

What are the shape of the sides of an entrenched meander?

A

They are steep sided valleys that are more symmetrical than the sides of an ingrown meander.

35
Q

Define what a knick point is.

A

Usually marked by Rapids, knick points are caused by rejuvenation and are a sudden break in the gradient in the long profile of a river.

36
Q

Most knick points are caused by ________.

A

Rejuvenation.

37
Q

As well as rejuvenation, what other thing can cause a knick point within a river?

A

Rock type variation.

38
Q

Some knick points are ______ _______. E.g; waterfalls.

A

Sharply defined.

39
Q

When are knick pints formed?

A

Where old and new profiles of the river join.

40
Q

The knick point recedes at a rate that’s dependent on what?

A

The resistance of rock.

41
Q

Explain how a knick point is formed.

A

When a river rejuvenates, the new base level adjustment begins at the sea and works it’s way up the course- the river gains more downcutting power which encourages long poor file adjustment and the KP is formed where the old and new profiles join.

42
Q

Define what rejuvenation is.

A

An increase in the energy of a river, caused by either a fall in sea level relative to the level of the land (eustatic change) of a rise of the level of the land in relation to the sea level (isostatic change).

Geography AS- Rivers (4 decks)

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