Reinforcement

Question 1

What did Thorndike do

Answer 1

Law of effect: when behaviour produces desirable effect its more likely to happen again

Question 2

What is reinforcement

Answer 2

When an occurrence of particular behaviour is followed by consequence that results in strengthening behavior

Question 3

Operant behaviour

Answer 3

Behaviour that can be strengthened w reinforcement

Question 4

Functional definition

Answer 4

Reinforcement always defined by effect it has on behaviour

Question 5

Chip example

Answer 5

• Ask friend for chips and they get it for you= more likely to ask again= social positive reinforcement
• get chips for yourself and you actually find chips in pantry = more likely to got chips from pantry = auto positive reinforcement

Question 6

Tv volume example

Answer 6

• Ask friend to turn down volume and they do= more likely to ask again =social negative reinforcement
• turn down volume for yourself= volume goes down = more liberty to use remote = auto negative reinforcement

Question 7

Premack principle

Answer 7

-high probability behaviour to increase low probability behaviour

Question 8

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

Answer 8

Conditioned reinforcer paired w/ variety of other reinforcers

Question 9

What affects reinforcer effectiveness

Answer 9

Immediacy, contingency and motivating operations, magnitude

Question 10

What is immediacy

Answer 10

How much reinforcer affects behaviour depending on latency of receiving reinforcer
-the longer latency the less effective reinforcer is

Question 11

Rule governed behaviour

Answer 11

Humans only: sometimes delayed consequence can increase behaviour -ex: cooking food will be delayed but since you get food from it you’ll still cook in the future

Question 12

Contingency

Answer 12

• Consequence doesn’t happen until response happens first
  Ex: car won’t turn on until you put in key

Question 13

Motivating operations

Answer 13

Alters value of reinforcer

Question 14

Establishing operation

Answer 14

Makes reinforcer more potent
Ex deprivation: starving = food as reinforces increases

Question 15

Abolishing operation

Answer 15

Decreases reinforcer potency
Ex: satiation: just ate a whole meal = decreased food eff

Question 16

Penny example

Answer 16

Pennies not worth anything but then copper shortage so people start getting pennies = establishing operation

Question 17

Magnitude

Answer 17

Increased stimulus magnitude = increased eff of stimulus as reinforcer
Ex: positive reinforcement= person would work for more money
Negative: person work harder to get vid of big pain than small pain

Question 18

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 18

• Each response is reinforced
• used for learning

Question 19

Intermittent reinforcement

Answer 19

Not every occurrence is reinforced
- used for maintaining behaviour

Question 20

Mary example

Answer 20

• Learning how to screw on doorknob
• first few mins: every time she got it right she was given praise=continuous
• later: would only get praise once in a while =intermittent

Question 21

Fixed ratio

Answer 21

• Specific or fixed # of responses must occur before reinforcer is delivered
• ex: every 5 pecks = food (FR5)
• had increased response rates then brief pause after delivery

Question 22

Variable ratio

Answer 22

-# of responses needed is set for an average
- ex: reinforcer delivered after average of 10 ( vr 10)
-had steady response rates

Question 23

Fixed interval

Answer 23

• Interval of time for response stays the same
  -ex: Pablo (fi30)= supervisor arrives every 30 o min to give him token
• increased response rates near end of internal
• Pablo would only do work near the end of interval

Question 24

Variable interval

Answer 24

• Each interval a diff length.
• ex: vi 20: 20 sec average
• steady response rates
• Pablo would always do work bc we didn’t know when supervisor arrives

Question 25

Concurrent operants

Answer 25

• Different behaviours someone does for I reinforcement.
  Ex. Raising hand or grunting = teacher’s attention

Question 26

Matching law

Answer 26

Response that gives more reinforcement will occur more often

Question 27

Chih examples

Answer 27

-doing yard work for $ 20/hr or hardwares store 15/hr=chooses yard work bc bigger money
- doing either for same pay but I job is easier= choose easier job
-doing job or go on trip with girlfriend= go w girlfriend

Question 28

Multiple schedules of reinforcement

Answer 28

• Combining 2 schedules
  Ex: green light - reinforcement after hitting spacebar (fi l)
• red light: reinforcement after hitting spacebor