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Sound Reinforcement 1 > Reinforcement 1 Final > Flashcards

Reinforcement 1 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Sound system, (PA system) PA stands for what?

A

Public Address system.

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2
Q

What are the two sources of signal in a sound system?

A
  1. Microphones

2. Direct Boxes

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3
Q

What are the two ways of transmitting signal in a sound system?

A
  1. Snake, a condensed collection of XLR cable sends and receivers.
  2. Wireless transmitters.
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4
Q

What is used to mix the signals in a sound system?

A

Mixer.

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5
Q

What are some kinds of signal processors?

A

Equalizer: adjusts tonality of the signal.

Feedback Eliminators: special equalizers that can detect feedback and automatically adjust the tone to reduce or prevent squeals.

Reverb: adds ambient wash of echo that simulates a large room

Effects: other effects can be added such as delay

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6
Q

What are some elements of the amplification portion of the sound system?

A

Crossover: in larger systems it helps to split the signal into different frequency ranges so the system can better handle the full signal.

Amplifiers: amplifiers power up the small signal sent from the mixer so that it is loud enough for the congregation to hear.

Speakers: The speakers are where the electronic signal is converted back to sound and directed out into the building.

Monitors: Monitors are also speaker but are used so the music team and pastor are able to hear themselves.

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7
Q

Components of a basic sound system:

A

Microphone
Mixer
Amplifier
Speakers

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8
Q

Types of cable/connectors:

A 
XLR
RCA
1/4"
1/8"
Banana
Speakon
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9
Q

Balanced Cables

A 
3 conductors, 2 hot leads and a ground
Tip, Ring, Sleeve - TRS
Almost all microphones are balanced
Balanced cables can be run long distances
cancel interference
Low Impedance
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10
Q

Unbalanced cables

A 
2 conductors
Tip, Sleeve - TS
Almost all guitars are unbalanced
1 hot lead and a ground
Unbalanced cables can only be run a max of 25ft. otherwise you risk picking up interference
High Impedance - convert ASAP
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11
Q

Define Sound

A

Energy that travels through the air.

Sound energy is created by a vibrating source called a transducer.

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12
Q

Speed of sound?

A

1,120

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13
Q

What is a cycle?

A

one crest and one trough

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14
Q

Define frequency?

A

The number of times a wave completes its cycle in one second.

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15
Q

Explain pitch.

A

Each pitch had a fundamental frequency, or number of cycles per second.

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16
Q

What is a fundamental frequency?

A

The frequency that defines a pitch.

17
Q

What are harmonics/overtones/partial tones?

A

The aspects of a sound wave the determine the character of an individual sound.

18
Q

What is a wavelength?

A

The distance between the crest and the trough.

Lower frequencies have longer wavelengths and higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths.

19
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The amount of energy in a specified sound wave.

This can be qualified with decibel sound pressure level.

20
Q

What is loudness?

A

a sound characteristic that involves the listener, loudness is perceived and is not actually calculated.

21
Q

What is the frequency of peak human sensitivity?

A

3000 Hz

22
Q

What are the painful thresholds of sound amplitude (loudness)?

A

120dB - Threshold of discomfort
140dB - Threshold of pain
160 - Eardrum ruptured

23
Q

What is the difference between dBspl and dBV?

A

dB SPL: sound pressure level
dBV: electrical voltage

the difference is the type of energy

24
Q

dBV: certain sound equipment is made for certain sound levels

A

Mic Level: -55 to -30dBV
Consumer/Instrument Level: -10dBV
Professional Line Level: +4dBV

Professional (nominal) Line Level is ideal.

25
Q

Gain Structure:

A

Gain controls input into the mixer: “preamp”, “trim”, “input”

Ideal place for gain is where green meets yellow on your mixer.

apprx. -18dBV

Max level can borderline clipping (preachers)

Gain helps bring everything to the nominal level (+4dBV)

26
Q

ALWAYS HOOK THINGS UP:

A

LEFT TO RIGHT
OUT TO IN
FROM CH 1. UP

27
Q

POWERING ON

A
  1. MIXER
  2. AMPLIFIERS
  3. SPEAKERS
28
Q

POWERING OFF

A
  1. SPEAKERS
  2. AMPLIFIERS
  3. MIXER
29
Q

Frequency is measured in ________?

A

hertz (cycles per second)

30
Q

PFL means?

A

Pre Fader Listen (“SOLO” on x32)

31
Q

What is the Proximity Effect?

A

The closer you hold a microphone to your mouth the more low end it will pick up.

32
Q

What is Dynamic Range?

A

the distance in loudness from the quietest to the loudest sounds.

33
Q

Phantom Power (48V) is needed for what?

A

Condenser Microphones

34
Q

Dynamic mics are typically used for what?

A

Vocal mics.

Sound Reinforcement 1 (1 decks)

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