Reichwein Quizlet Flashcards
Design Brief
A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution
Brainstorm
A group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, stimulating creative thinking, etc. by unrestrained spontaneous participation in discussion
Center Line
A line which defines the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical parts
Isometric
A form of pictorial sketch in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection
Leader Line
Line which indicates dimensions of arcs, circles and detail
Dimension
A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of an object is width, height, and depth
Extension Line
Line which represents where a dimension starts and stops
Perspective Sketch
A form of pictorial sketch in which vanishing points are used to provide the depth and distortion that is seen with the human eye
Oblique Sketch
A form of pictorial in which an object is represented as true width and height, but the depth can be any size and drawn at any angle
Engineering Notebook
An engineering notebook is a book in which an engineer will formally document, in chronological order, all of his/her work that is associated with a specific design project.
Width
The measurement associated with an object’s side-to-side dimension
Depth
The measurement associated with an object’s front-to-back dimension or extent of something from side to side
Height
The measurement associated with an object’s top-to-bottom dimension
Section Lines
Thin lines used in a section view to indicate where the cutting plane line has cut through material
Solid
A three-dimensional body or geometric figure
Prototype
A full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments
Design Process
A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve a problem or satisfy human needs and wants and to winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice
Hidden Line
A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible
Object Line
A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object
Orthographic Projection
A method of representing three-dimensional objects on a plane having only length and breadth. Also referred to as Right Angle Projection
Measurement
The process of using dimensions, quantity, or capacity by comparison with a standard in order to mark off, apportion, lay out, or establish dimensions
Line Conventions
Standardization of lines used on technical drawings by line weight and style
Documentation
- The documents that are required for something or that give evidence or proof of something. 2. Drawings or printed information that contain instructions for assembling, installing, operating, and servicing
Accuracy
The degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to the actual (or accepted) value
Dial Caliper
A measuring instrument having two adjustable jaws typically used to measure diameter or thickness
Class Interval
A group of values that is used to analyze the distribution of data
Convert
To change money, stocks, or units in which a quantity is expressed into others of a different kind
Dimension Lines
A line which represents distance
Graph
A diagram showing the relation between variable quantities, typically of two variables measured along a pair of lines at right angles
Histogram
A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data
International System of Units (SI)
An international system of units of measurement consisting of seven base units
Mean
A measure of center in a set of numerical data, computed by adding the values in a list and then dividing by the number of values in the list
Mode
The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set
Numeric Constraint
A number value or algebraic equation that is used to control the size or location of a geometric figure
Precision
The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result
Scale
- A straight-edged strip of rigid material marked at regular intervals and used to measure distances. 2. A proportion between two sets of dimensions used in developing accurate, larger or smaller prototypes, or models of design ideas
Scatter Plot
A graph in the coordinate plane representing a set of bivariate data
Standard Deviation
The distance of a value in a population (or sample) from the mean value of the population (or sample)
Numeric Constraint
A number value or algebraic equation that is used to control the size or location of a geometric figure
Median
A measure of center in a set of numerical data. The median of a list of values is the value appearing at the center of a sorted version of the list - or the mean of the two central values if the list contains an even number of values
Annotate
To add explanatory notes to a drawing
Assembly
A group of machined or handmade parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit
Assembly Drawing
A drawing that shows parts of an item when assembled
Cartesian Coordinate System
A rectangular coordinate system created by three mutually perpendicular coordinate axes, commonly labeled X, Y, and Z
Degree of Freedom
The variables by which an object can move. In assemblies, an object floating free in space with no constraints to another object can be moved along three axes of translation and around three axes of rotation. Such a body is said to have six degrees of freedom
Design Statement
A part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes what a design solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must be executed
Geometric Constraint
Constant, non-numerical relationships between the parts of a geometric figure. Examples include parallelism, perpendicularity, and concentricity
Mathematical Modeling
The process of choosing and using appropriate mathematics and statistics to analyze empirical situations, to understand them better, and to improve decisions
Mock-up
A model or replica of a machine or structure for instructional or experimental purposes. Also referred to as an Appearance Model
Model
A visual, mathematical, or three-dimensional representation in detail of an object or design, often smaller than the original
Marketing
The promotion and selling of products or services
Range
The set of output values of a function
Physical Model
A physical representation of an object. Prototypes and appearance models are physical models
Pattern
repeated decorative design
Revolution
Creating a 3D solid or surface by revolving a 2D shape about an axis
Subassembly
An assembled part that is a part of a larger assembly
Translation
Motion in which all particles of a body move with the same velocity along parallel paths
Rotation
Turning around an axis or center point
Area
The number of square units required to cover a surface
Density
The measure of mass density is a measure of mass per volume
Mass
The amount of matter in an object or the quantity of the inertia of the object
Surface Area
The squared dimensions of the exterior surface
Volume
The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by an object or enclosed within a container
Reverse Engineering
The process of taking something apart and analyzing its workings in detail
Value
The lightness or darkness of a color in relation to a scale ranging from white to black
Unity
The state of being united or forming a whole
Texture
The feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface, substance, or fabric
Symmetry
The correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts on opposite sides of a median line or about a central axis. Also referred to as formal balance
Shape
The two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area, in contrast to three-dimensional form
Rhythm
A regularly recurring sequence of events or actions
Radial Symmetry
Symmetry about a central axis
Proportion
- The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2. Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure
Pattern
A repeated decorative design
Harmony
- The quality of forming a pleasing and consistent whole. 2. Agreement or concord
Form
- Having the three dimensions of length, width, and depth. Also referred to as a solid. 2. The organization, placement, or relationship of basic elements, as volumes or voids in a sculpture, so as to produce a coherent image
Emphasis
Special importance, value, or prominence given to something
Contrast
The state of being noticeably different from something else when put or considered together
Color
The property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light
Balance
A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. There are three types of visual balance: symmetry, asymmetry, and radial
Asymmetry
Symmetry in which both halves of a composition are not identical. Also referred to as informal balance
Aesthetic
- Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty. 2. Of pleasing appearance
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
A private, non-profit organization that coordinates the development and use of a voluntary consensus standards in the United States
Allowance
The tightest possible fit between two mating parts
Auxiliary View
A view that is used to show features that are located on an inclined surface in true size and shape
Bilateral Tolerance
A tolerance in which variation is permitted in both directions from the specified dimension
Blind Hole
A hole that does not go completely through the workpiece
Clearance Fit
Limits the size of mating parts so that a clearance always results when mating parts are assembled
Counterbore
A cylindrical recess around a hole, usually to receive a bolt head or nut
Countersink
A conical-shaped recess around a hole, often used to receive a tapered screw
Decision Matrix
A tool used to compare design solutions against one another, using specific criteria
Cutting Plane Line
A line drawn on a view where a cut was made in order to define the location of the imaginary section plane
Detail Drawing
A dimensioned, working drawing of a single part. Also referred to as part drawing
Detail View
A view that is used to show a magnified view of features that are too small to adequately specify in another view
Full Section
A sectional drawing based on a cutting plane line that extends completely through an object
Interference
The amount of overlap that one part has with another when assembled
Interference Fit
Limits the size of mating parts so that an interference always results when mating parts are assembled
International Organization for Standardization (IOS)
This is a worldwide organization that creates engineering standards
Least Material Condition (LMC)
The smallest size limit of an external feature and the largest size limit of an internal feature
Maximum Material Condition (MMC)
The largest size limit of an external feature and the smallest size limit of an internal feature
Market Research
The activity of gathering information about consumers’ needs and preferences
Location Dimension
A location dimension that defines the relationship of features of an object
Size Dimension
Placed directly on a feature to identify a specific size or may be connected to a feature in the form of a note
Tolerance
The acceptable amount of dimensional variation that will still allow an object to function correctly
Transition fit
Occurs when two mating parts can sometimes have a clearance fit and sometimes have an interference fit
Unidirectional Dimension
A dimensioning system which requires all numerals, figures, and notes to be lettered horizontally and to be read from the bottom of the drawing sheet
Unilateral Tolerance
A tolerance in which variation is permitted in only one direction from the specified dimension
Working Drawings
Drawings that convey all of the information needed to manufacture and assemble a design
Tap
To cut internal threads
Reference Dimension
A dimension, usually without a tolerance, used for information purposes only. A reference is a repeat of a given dimension or established from other values shown on a drawing. Reference dimensions are enclosed in ( ) on the drawing
Team Norms
Principles of right action, binding upon the members of a group and serving to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior
