REI Flashcards
Tamoxfen is approved for women __yrs and older for prevention of estrogen receptor + breast cancer and reduces the risk by nearly __%
What is the most common endometrial abnormality caused by Tamoxifen?
35 yo, 50%
Polyp (8-36%), endometrial hyperplasia (1-20%)
Risk of endometrial cancer is 1.3-7.5x that of untreated women
Normal semen parameters for Volume Concentration Progressive motility Total motility Normal morphology
Volume 1.5 mL Concentration 15 million/mL Progressive motility 32% Total motility 40% Normal morphology 4%
Spwrmatogenesis takes __days
60-80
How do you test for obstructive causes of a azoospermia?
Fructose is absent in cases of obstructive azzospermia
How to treat ovarian hyper stimulation:
Mostly supportive.
Cabergoline (dopamine agonist) reverses the VEGF-2 dependent vascular permeability
Replace electrolytes
Do not proceed with IVF because pregnancy will worsen condition
Secondary amenorrhea is defined as:
Lack of 3 consecutive periods or cessation of bleeding for 6 months
What is the only contraceptive that has been shown to decrease the risk of ovarian cancer?
OCPs, decreases risk of ovarian cancer by 46-50% even in BRCA1 carriers
Women with eating disorders or low relative caloric intake demonstrate increased OR decreased levels of the following:
Leptin Ghrelin CRL GnRH Cortisol NPY (neuropeptide y)
Leptin - decreased Ghrelin- increased CRL -increased GnRH- decreased Cortisol- increased NPY (neuropeptide y) increased
First line method of fertility treatment for couple with unexplained infertility?
Ovulation induction + IUI - increased fecundity from 1-4% to ~9.5% (normal is 20-25% per cycle)
The finding most consistent with early menopausal transition is__?
Persistently irregular cycles
Best method for preserving fertility for women undergoing cancer treatments rendering them sterile.
Embryo banking- its cryopreservation is more successful than oocyte preservation
Endometrial biopsy is warranted in a patient with post menopausal bleeding when the endometrial thickness is less than or equal to ___mm.
4
Approximately ___% of postmenopausal women started on combined HT will have bleeding in the first 4-6 month
40
What phase of the menstrual cycle contributes most to cycle length?
Follicular (luteal phase is almost always 14d)
Screening for BRCA individuals
Breast: semiannual mammo and MRI starting at age 25
Ovarian: (controversial) CA125 and TVUS starting at 30yo or 5-10yrs earlier than earliest age of family member ca
Most important factor for pregnancy success rate after tubal reanastomosis is ___?
Age of patient (followed by length of tube, site or type of tubal, prior fertility)
Managaemt decision tree for macroadenoma (>10mm)
Is it prolactin secreting? — if yes then dopamine agonists before considering surgery
If no then surgery
Tanner stage 4 breasts with primar amenorrhea, no pubic or axillary hair…dx?
Androgen insensitivity
Which SSRI has least interaction with tamoxifen levels when being used to treat sx hot flashes?
Venlafaxine
What personality is particularly resistant to CBT?
Borderline
Postpartum thyroiditis occurs within ___ of pregnancy.
Women with ____ (4) conditions should have their TSH checked at 3 and 6 months. Because they are at increased risk of postpartum thyroiditis.
Tx involves ___. It typically lasts ___months.
1 year
Thyroid antibody positive, graves, chronic viral hepatitis
Observation (low dose levothyroxine if sx during hypothyroid phase)
4-6 months
SSRI are effective in treating _ eating disorder but not __ eating disorder.
Bulimia nerviosa but not anorexia
What is the relative vs absolute risk of COC users vs non-OC users for VTE?
RR is 2.0 for OC users
AR is 5-10 per 10k vs 10-20 VTE events per 10k for OC users
CAH are autosomal ___ disorders.
Controversial tx with dexamethasone should occur before ___ weeks to potentially prevent genital virtualization of a female fetus.
Recessive
9 weeks
