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AP Language And Composition > Rehtorical Strategies & Stylistic Devices > Flashcards

Rehtorical Strategies & Stylistic Devices Flashcards

1
Q

Alliteration

A

the occurrence of the same letter, word, or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words

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2
Q

Allusion

A

an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.

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3
Q

Analogy

A

A comparison between two things, usually for the purpose of explanation or clarification

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4
Q

Anadiplosis

A
  • “to reduplicate”
  • repetition of the last word of a preceding clause. The word is used at the end of a sentence and then used again at the beginning of the next sentence
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5
Q

Anaphora

A

The use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition

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6
Q

Anastrophe

A

the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses

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7
Q

Anecdote

A

a short and interesting story about a real incident or person

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8
Q

Antimetabole

A

a phrase or sentence is repeated, but in reverse order

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9
Q

Antithesis

A

a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else

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10
Q

Apostrophe

A

an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person (typically one who is dead or absent) or thing (typically one that is personified)

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11
Q

Aphorism

A

a pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as, “if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it”

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12
Q

Apposition

A

a relationship between two or more words or phrases in which the two units are grammatically parallel and have the same referent

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13
Q

Assonance

A

in poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible

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14
Q

Asyndeton

A

the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence

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15
Q

Balanced sentence

A

balanced sentence is a sentence made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure

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16
Q

Begging the question

A

The premises include the claim that the conclusion is true or assume that the conclusion is true.

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17
Q

Chaismus

A

Words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form

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18
Q

Claim

A

A statement essentially arguable but used as a primary point to support or prove an argument

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19
Q

Cliché

A

An expression that has been overused to the extent that it loses its original meaning or novelty

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20
Q

Colloquialism

A

Use of informal words, phrases or even slang in a piece of writing

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21
Q

Concession

A

Used in argumentative writing where one acknowledges a point made by one’s opponent

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22
Q

Connotation

A

Refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly

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23
Q

Consonance

A

Refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase

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24
Q

Cumulative sentence

A

A loose sentence that starts with an independent clause or main clause that is simple and straight

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25
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Involves generalization at the initial stage and then moves on towards the specific case

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26
Q

Denotation

A

Generally defined as literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings

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27
Q

Dialect

A

The language used by the people of a specific area, class, district or any other group of people

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28
Q

Diction

A

As style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer.

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29
Q

Ellipsis

A

Used in narratives to omit some parts of a sentence or event, which gives the reader a chance to fill the gaps while acting or reading it out

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30
Q

Epanalepsis

A

Repetition of same words at the end and start of a sentence

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31
Q

Epiphoria

A

Repetition of the same word at the end of each clause

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32
Q

Ethos

A

Represents credibility or an ethical appeal which involves persuasion by the character involved.

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33
Q

Euphemism

A

Refers to polite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant

34
Q

Hyperbaton

A

Inversion in the arrangement of common words

35
Q

Hyperbole

A

An exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis.

36
Q

Idiom

A

Set expression or a phrase comprising two or more words

37
Q

Imagery

A

use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.

38
Q

Implication

A

A suggestion an author or speaker makes (implies) without stating it
directly

39
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

deriving general principles from particular facts or instances

40
Q

Inference

A

Logical deductions are made based on premises assumed to be true

41
Q

Inverted syntax

A

Lines do not follow traditional sentence patterns

42
Q

Irony (dramatic, situational, verbal)

A

The full significance of a character’s words or actions are clear to the audience or reader although unknown to the character

43
Q

Isocolon

A

Involves a succession of sentences, phrases and clauses of grammatically equal length

44
Q

Jargon

A

Use of specific phrases and words by writers in a particular situation, profession or trade

45
Q

Juxtaposition

A

Two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts.

46
Q

Litotes

A

A figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions.

47
Q

Logical fallacy

A

An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid.

48
Q

Logos

A

A statement, sentence or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic

49
Q

Malapropism

A

use of an incorrect word in place of a similar sounding word that results in a nonsensical and humorous expression.

50
Q

Maxim

A

A simple and memorable line, quote or rule for taking action and leading a good life

51
Q

Metaphor

A

Figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated but share some common characteristics

52
Q

Metonymy

A

Figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated

53
Q

Mood

A

Evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions

54
Q

Motif

A

An object or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work

55
Q

Paradox

A

Contrary to expectations, existing belief or perceived opinion

56
Q

Parallelism

A

Components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter

57
Q

Parody

A

Imitation of a particular writer, artist or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect

58
Q

Parenthesis

A

A qualifying or explanatory sentence, clause or word that writers insert into a paragraph or passage.

59
Q

Pathos

A

A quality of an experience in life or a work of art that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy and sorrow

60
Q

Periodic sentence

A

Has a main clause or predicate at the end

61
Q

Personification

A

A thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes

62
Q

Phonetic intensive

A

Words that start or end with the same letters that have a similar meaning

63
Q

Point of view

A

The mode of narration that an author employs to let the readers “hear” and “see” what takes place in a story, poem, essay etc.

64
Q

Polysyndeton

A

Several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession in order to achieve an artistic effect

65
Q

Purple patch

A

Signifies a sudden heightening of rhythm, diction, and figurative language that makes a section of verse or prose stand out from its context.

66
Q

Red herring

A

An irrelevant topic introduced in an argument to divert the attention of listeners or readers from the original issue

67
Q

Refutation

A

Denotes that part of an argument where a speaker or a writer encounters contradicting points of view

68
Q

Rhetoric

A

Technique of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form

69
Q

Rhetorical question

A

Asked just for effect or to lay emphasis on some point discussed when no real answer is expected

70
Q

Rhetorical devices

A

Uses words in a certain way to convey meaning or to persuade

71
Q

Sarcasm

A

To mock with often satirical or ironic remarks with a purpose to amuse and hurt someone or some section of society simultaneously

72
Q

Satire

A

Technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule

73
Q

Simile

A

Similes figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things

74
Q

Syllogism

A

starts an argument with a reference to something general and from this it draws conclusion about something more specific

75
Q

Symbol

A

Object that signifies an idea or quality

76
Q

Synecdoche

A

A part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part

77
Q

Synesthesia

A

Technique adopted by writers to present ideas, characters or places in such a manner that they appeal to more than one senses like hearing, seeing, smell etc. at a given time

78
Q

Syntax

A

Set of rules in a language

79
Q

Text structure

A

How the information within a written text is organized

80
Q

Tone

A

An attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience

AP Language And Composition (1 decks)

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