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Regulatory Flashcards

1
Q

Why was the Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC) formed?

A

To promote reliability

by bringing the region’s

planning and operating coordination activities

under one organization.

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2
Q

How many classes of members are in (WECC) Western Electricity Coordinating Council.

A

Seven

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3
Q

What are the four (WECC) Western Electricity Coordinating Council power areas?

A

California / Mexico Power Area

Arizona / New Mexico / Southeastern Nevada Power Area

Rocky Mountain Power Area

Northwest Power Pool

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4
Q

How is AC different from DC?

A

DC flows only in one direction. AC continuously changes in direction and magnitude.

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5
Q

Name two types of three phase connections?

A

Delta

Wye

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6
Q

State Ohm’s Law.

A

E = I X R

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7
Q

Describe switching stations.

A

Switching stations:

contain equipment necessary to sectionalize the transmission system

do not contain transformers

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8
Q

T/F

Load break switches cannot be used to interrupt fault current.

A

True

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9
Q

Define Maximum Continuous Current Capability.

A

Maximum Continuous Current Capability is:

the highest load current that the circuit breaker is designed to carry

for extended time periods.

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10
Q

Define Maximum Interrupting Current.

A

Maximum Interrupting Current is:

the maximum fault current

that circuit breakers are capable of interrupting.

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11
Q

Define Interrupting Time.

A

Interrupting Time is:

the period from the instant current begins to flow through the trip coil

until the circuit breaker interrupts the fault.

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12
Q

Define Closing Time.

A

Closing Time is:

the time it takes to close the breaker from the instant the close coil is energized

until current begins to flow through the breaker.

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13
Q

Fault recorders:

A

log critical current and voltage waveforms at the time of any fault.

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14
Q

T/F

Aluminum has a greater resistance than copper?

A

True

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15
Q

T/F

Increasing the length of a conductor increases the resistance of the conductor?

A

True

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16
Q

Which winding is electrically connected to the energy output or load side of a transformer?

A

Secondary winding

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17
Q

State the turns ratio formula.

A

V1 / V2 = N1 / N2

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18
Q

What principle does a transformer operate on?

A

Electromagnetic induction

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19
Q

T/F

Transformers do not create electricity?

A

True

Transformer convert electricity

20
Q

What type of three-phase connection does not introduce a phase shift between the primary and secondary voltage in transformer?

A

Delta - Delta

21
Q

What type of transformer is used to transfer power for voltages higher than 69 KV?

A

Power Transformers

22
Q

What type of transformer controls power over parallel lines by adjusting the phase at one end of the line?

A

Phase-shifting transformers

23
Q

What cancels some of the inductive reactance, therefore, decreasing impedance and enables more power to flow?

A

Series capacitors

24
Q

Name two advantages of DC over AC?

A

Two conductors are cheaper than three

Rapid adjustments to power flow

Can tie together two power systems having dissimilar characteristics

25
Q

Name the three components of a protection system.

A

Measuring devices

Protective relays

Control circuitry

26
Q

Define Transfer Tripping.

A

Transfer Tripping is:

when relays at one end of the line detect a fault,

the communication or pilot channel is turned on to signal

the other end of the line that a fault has occurred.

27
Q

Define Directional Comparison.

A

Directional Comparison is:

fault detecting directional distance relays at each line terminal

which determines the direction of the fault current and

compares their individual results over the pilot or communication channel.

28
Q

Define Phase Comparison.

A

Phase Comparison:

uses over current fault detecting relays

to compare the relative phase angles of the currents

at the two terminals via the communications channel.

29
Q

Name two pieces of equipment protected by differential relays (87).

A

Transformers

Windings

Shunt equipment

Generators

Distribution bus substations

30
Q

T/F

Internal faults are faults inside the protections zone.

A

True

31
Q

Define Corona.

A

Corona:

occurs on conductors

when the surface potential gets so high that the dielectric strength of the surrounding air is exceeded and

ionization occurs.

32
Q

Charging current is current that flows on the line due to the alternate charge and discharge of the line due to:

A

alternating voltage

33
Q

Real power flow is determined by what three variables:

A

Phase angle

Generation patterns

LINE IMPEDANCE

34
Q

Define inadvertent.

A

Inadvertent is:

the difference between

net actual interchange and

net scheduled interchange.

35
Q

What causes inadvertent?

A

(Automatic Generation Control) AGC lag

Metering errors

36
Q

In 1920 congress established ________ to coordinate hydroelectric projects under federal control.

A

Federal Power Commission (FPC)

37
Q

What does FERC stand for?

A

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

38
Q

What does FERC do?

A

FERC regulates interstate transportation of natural gas, oil, and electricity.

39
Q

What does NERC stand for?

A

North American Electric Reliability Corporation

40
Q

What does CISO stand for?

A

California Independent System Operator

41
Q

What are the seven WECC monitoring processes?

A

Compliance audits

Compliance Violation Investigations

Complaints

Self-certifications

Self-reporting

Spot checking

Readiness evaluation (audits)

42
Q

T/F

If the system is over-generating, frequency will be greater than 60 HZ.

A

True

43
Q

Describe frequency excursions.

A

Electric clocks run faster when frequency is higher than 60 Hz when over-generating

Electric clocks run slower when frequency is lower than 60 Hz when under-generating

44
Q

What are the three System Control modes:

A

Tie line bias control

Flat frequency control

Flat tie line control

NOT power system control

45
Q

Define Spinning Reserve

A

Spinning Reserve is:

the reserve capability that can be converted to energy within ten minutes.

It is provided by equipment that is electrically synchronized to the system and responds automatically to frequency changes.

46
Q

Loop flow is a condition where the power flows over paths that are in ________ to the scheduled path?

A

Parallel

Regulatory (1 decks)

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