Regulations

Question 1

Which regulation number is flight review?

Answer 1

61.56

Question 2

What does a flight review consist of?

Answer 2

A minimum of 1 hour of flight training and 1 hour of ground training. The review must include:

1. A review of the current general operating and flight rules of part 91; and
2. A review of those maneuvers and procedures that, at the discretion of the person giving the review, are necessary for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot certificate.

Question 3

How often must someone have a flight review?

Answer 3

You may not act as PIC of an aircraft unless, since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as PIC, that person has:

1. Accomplished a flight review given in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor.
2. A logbook endorsed from an authorized instructor who gave the review certifying that the person has satisfactorily completed the review.

Question 4

What are some examples of instances where a person would not have to accomplish the flight review?

Answer 4

• If the person passed any of the following:
  1. A pilot proficiency check or practical test conducted by an examiner for a pilot certificate, rating, or operating privilege.
  2. A practical test conducted by an examiner for the issuance of a flight instructor certificate, an additional rating on a flight instructor certificate, renewal of a flight instructor certificate, or reinstatement of a flight instructor certificate.
• A person who has accomplished one or more phases of an FAA-sponsored pilot proficiency award program.
• A person who holds a flight instructor certificate and who has satisfactorily completed a renewal of a flight instructor certificate under the provisions in 61.197 need not accomplish the one hour of ground training.
• A student pilot need not if undergoing training and has a current solo flight endorsement.

Question 5

What are the basic “currency” requirements one must meet to act as PIC?

Answer 5

1. A “flight review” within the previous 24 calendar months.
2. For the carriage of PASSENGERS - the PIC must have made and LOGGED 3 T/O and 3 L in the previous 90 days in the same CATEGORY, CLASS, and TYPE (if req). These landings must be made to a full stop if in a tailwheel aircraft or at night (and the pilot must be “sole manipulator” of the controls.

Question 6

What are the requirements to be a safety pilot?

Answer 6

1. Must be at least a Private Pilot with category & class ratings appropriate for the aircraft and have a current FAA medical unless operating under “Basic Med” rules and also acting as PIC.
2. A current flight review is necessary only if the safety pilot has agreed to be the ACTING PIC.
3. 3 T/O & L in the past 90 days would only be necessary if the safety pilot has agreed to be the ACTING PIC and passengers will be onboard.
4. A “complex,” “high performance,” “high altitude,” or “tailwheel” endorsement is NOT necessary unless the safety pilot has agreed to be the ACTING PIC.

Question 7

What are the required documents on board the aircraft?

Answer 7

1. Airworthiness Certificate - Must be displayed at cabin or cockpit entrance so it is legible to passengers or crew. The AC remains valid as long as the aircraft is maintained and operated as required by the FARs.
2. Registration Papers - Renewed every 3 years.
3. Radio Station License - Outside U.S
4. Operating Limitations - AFM and specific placards or markings.
5. Weight & Balance Data - AFM

Question 8

What are the required certificates in the pilot’s possession?

Answer 8

1. Pilot Certificate
2. Government-Issued Photo ID
3. Medical Certificate

Question 9

When is it required to log or document training time and aeronautical experience?

Answer 9

1. Training and aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a certificate, rating, or flight review.
2. The aeronautical experience required for meeting the recent flight experience requirements of this part.

Question 10

What information for each flight or lesson must be logged?

Answer 10

(1) General
- Date.
- Total flight time or lesson time.
- Location where the aircraft departed and arrived, or for lessons in a flight simulator or flight training device, the location where the lesson occurred.
- Type and identification of aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device.
- The name of a safety . pilot, if required by 91.109(b).
(2) Type of pilot experience or training
- Solo.
- Pilot in command.
- Second in command.
- Flight and ground training received from an authorized instructor.
- Training received in a flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device from an authorized instructor.
(3) Conditions of flight
- Day or night.
- Actual instrument.
- Simulated instrument conditions in flight, a flight simulator, flight training device, or ATD.
- Use of night vision goggles.

Question 11

When can you log pilot-in-command time?

Answer 11

(1) A sport, recreational, private, commercial, or airline transport pilot may log pilot in command flight time for flights-
- When the pilot is the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for which the pilot is rated;
- When the pilot is the sole occupant in the aircraft;
- When the pilot, except for a holder of a sport or recreational pilot certificate, acts as pilot in command of an aircraft for which more than one pilot is required under the type certification of the aircraft or the regulations under which the flight is conducted;
(2) A certificated flight instructor may log pilot in command flight time for all flight time while serving as the authorized instructor in an operation if the instructor is rated to act as pilot in command of that aircraft.
(4) A student pilot may log pilot-in-command time only when the student pilot -
- Is the sole occupant of the aircraft or is performing the duties of pilot of command of an airship requiring more than one pilot flight crewmember;
- Has a solo flight endorsement as required under § 61.87 of this part; and
- Is undergoing training for a pilot certificate or rating.

Question 12

What does flight time mean?

Answer 12

Pilot time that commences when an aircraft moves under its own power for the purpose of flight and ends when the aircraft comes to rest after landing;

Question 13

What does pilot-in-command mean?

Answer 13

Pilot in command means the person who:

(1) Has final authority and responsibility for the operation and safety of the flight;
(2) Has been designated as pilot in command before or during the flight; and
(3) Holds the appropriate category, class, and type rating, if appropriate, for the conduct of the flight.

Question 14

How do you log training time?

Answer 14

(1) A person may log training time when that person receives training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft, full flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device.
(2) The training time must be logged in a logbook and must:
- Be endorsed in a legible manner by the authorized instructor; and
- Include a description of the training given, the length of the training lesson, and the authorized instructor’s signature, certificate number, and certificate expiration date.

Question 15

What are the eligibility requirements for a private pilot?

Answer 15

1. Be at least 17 years of age for a rating in other than a glider or balloon.
2. Be at least 16 years of age for a rating in a glider or balloon.
3. Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.
4. Possess a third class medical unless operating under “BasicMed” rules.
5. Pass a written and practical test.

Question 16

What are the training requirements for a private pilot?

Answer 16

Must log at least 40 hours of flight time that includes at least 20 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor and 10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(1) of this part, and the training must include at least -

(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a single-engine airplane;
(2) 3 hours of night flight training in a single-engine airplane that includes -
(i) One cross-country flight of over 100 nautical miles total distance; and
(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport.
(3) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane on the control and maneuvering of an airplane solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight;
(4) 3 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in a single-engine airplane in preparation for the practical test, which must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test; and
(5) 10 hours of solo flight time in a single-engine airplane, consisting of at least -
(i) 5 hours of solo cross-country time;
(ii) One solo cross country flight of 150 nautical miles total distance, with full-stop landings at three points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and
(iii) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.

Question 17

What are the privileges and limitations of a private pilot?

Answer 17

1. No person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in command of an aircraft.
2. A private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in command of an aircraft in connection with any business or employment if:
   (1) The flight is only incidental to that business or employment; and
   (2) The aircraft does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire.
3. A private pilot may not pay less than the pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight with passengers, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees.
4. A private pilot may act as pilot in command of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event flight described in § 91.146, if the sponsor and pilot comply with the requirements of § 91.146.
5. A private pilot may be reimbursed for aircraft operating expenses that are directly related to search and location operations, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees, and the operation is sanctioned and under the direction and control of:
   (1) A local, State, or Federal agency; or
   (2) An organization that conducts search and location operations.
6. A private pilot who is an aircraft salesman and who has at least 200 hours of logged flight time may demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer.
7. A private pilot who meets the requirements of § 61.69 may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle.