Regulations

Question 1

What are the 2 categories of regulations within sustainable engineering?

Answer 1

Command and control:
- government approach
- Traditional approach

Economic instrument:
- A price for using the environment

Question 2

What are examples of command and control regulations?

Answer 2

1. COSHH - risk assessments, identify hazards, control methods such as labels.
2. UK environmental protection act

a. Integrated pollution control

b. IPC authorisations

c. BATNEEC - best available techniques not entailing excessive cost

Question 3

What are examples of economic instrument?

Answer 3

1. Emissions charges (ULEZ)
2. Tradeable permits - permit for emissions caused
3. Product charges
4. Legal Liabilities
5. Subsidies
6. Direct regulation

Question 4

What are the 3 stages of EU directives?

Answer 4

• Design stage
• Material selection and use
• End of life stage

Question 5

What are examples of EU directives in the design stage?

Answer 5

IPP - integrated product policy:

• breakdown product lifecycle and take action where most effective.

EuP - Eco-design of Energy-Using Products:

• cut energy consumption during use stage.

Question 6

What are examples of EU directives in the material selection and use stage?

Answer 6

RoHS - Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances - reduce impact of electrical and electronic equipment.

REACH - Registration, Evaluation, authorisation and Registration of Chemical substances - addresses production and use of chemical substances.

Question 7

What are examples of EU directives in the end of life stage?

Answer 7

ELVs - End of Life Vehicles - deconstruction of vehicles after use.

WEEE - Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment - prevent waste, promote recycling and reuse.

Question 8

What is corporate social responsibility?

Answer 8

Responsibility value: Philanthropic > Ethical > Legal > Economical