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Renal Physiology > Regulation of ECF Volume and Osmolarity > Flashcards

Regulation of ECF Volume and Osmolarity Flashcards

1
Q

Where does Water Output go?

A
  1. Feces 4%
  2. Sweat 8%
  3. Insensible losses via skin and lungs 28%
  4. Urine 60%
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2
Q

What happens if you ingest excess water?

A
  1. ECF Osmolarity decreases
  2. ADH secretion decreases
  3. Water reabsorption decreases
  4. Urine volume increases and Osmolarity is very low
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3
Q

How long does it take to change Plasma Osmolarity?

A

About an hour or two

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4
Q

How are you able to increase ones Blood Volume without decreasing Osmolarity?

A

Administer Saline solution

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5
Q

What is the Excretion equation for Sodium?

A

E= F- R
OR
E= (GFR * P)- R

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6
Q

What effect would increasing GFR have on the Filtered Load of Na?

A

INCREASING GFR will INCREASE the Filtered Load of Na

NOTE: Filtered Load= (GFR * P)

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7
Q

What happens if you do not take in enough water?

A
  1. Plasma Volume and subsequently Blood Pressure drop
  2. SNS activity increases
  3. Renin secretion increases which leads to Angiotensin II secretion increasing as well
  4. SNS and Angiotensin II cause Vasoconstriction of afferent and efferent arterioles
  5. GFR decreases
  6. Na Excretion decreases and so does Water
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8
Q

Why is Angiotensin II released?

A

To Bring Blood Volume back up and subsequently Blood Pressure:

  1. Increases SNS activity which increases Total Peripheral Resistance and ultimately Blood Pressure
  2. Causes ADH release (increases Water reabsorption)
  3. Increases Vasoconstriction which increases Total Peripheral Resistance and ultimately Blood Pressure
  4. Causes release of Aldosterone which causes Na and H2O reabsorption in Distal Tubule
  5. Increases Na and H2O reabsorption in the Proximal Tubule
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9
Q

What are the 4 Neurohumoral controls of Renal Na Reabsorption?

A
  1. SNS
  2. RAAS
  3. Aldosterone
  4. ANP
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10
Q

How do Sympathetic Nerves effect Na Reabsorption?

A
  1. Increases Renin Secretion
  2. Increases Vasoconstriction (decreases GFR)
  3. Increases Na reabsorption in Proximal Tubule
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11
Q

How does Aldosterone effect Na Reabsorption?

A

In the Distal Tubule:

  1. Increases Apical Membrane Na Channels and Basolateral membrane Na/K ATPase pumps
  2. Increases K secretion
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12
Q

How does Angiotensin II effect Na Reabsorption?

A
  1. Increases Aldosterone
  2. Increases Na/H Exchangers on the Apical Membrane of the Proximal Tubules
    - increases Na reabsorption
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13
Q

How does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) effect Na Reabsorption?

A

DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE

  1. Caused by a stretching in the Atria due to high BP
  2. Turns off Aldosterone, Renin, and ADH
  3. Increases Excretion of Na and Water
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14
Q

How does ADH effect Na Reabsorption?

A

Works in the Distal Tubule by opening up Na channels on the Apical membrane and Basolateral membrane Na/K ATPase pumps to increase Na Reabsorption

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15
Q

Abbreviated Volume Contraction Example:

A
  1. Osmolarity Increases
  2. Blood Volume Decreases
  3. Blood Pressure Decreases
  4. SNS, Angiotension II, ADH, and Aldosterone all increase in the body
  5. ANP is decreased
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16
Q

Volume Contraction Example:

A
  1. SNS activity causes Vasoconstriction
  2. GFR is decreased
  3. Less Na is filtered and excreted
  4. Na stays in the blood and so does Water increasing Blood Volume
  5. SNS also causes increased Na reabsorption in the Proximal Tubules which increases Blood Volume as well
  6. Renin increases the concentration of Angiotensin II
  7. Angiotensin causes Vasoconstriction which decreases GFR and increases Blood Volume
  8. Angiotensin II also increases Na/H Exchangers on the Apical Membrane of the Proximal Tubules increasing Na reabsorption
  9. Angiotensin II also increases Aldosterone release
  10. Aldosterone opens Proximal Tubule’s Apical Membrane Na Channels and increases number of Basolateral Membrane Na/K ATPase pumps
  11. ADH opens Aquaporin channels on the Collecting Duct, increasing water reabsorption
  12. ADH opens Proximal Tubule’s Apical Membrane Na Channels and increases number of Basolateral Membrane Na/K ATPase pumps
  13. Blood Volume is increased and as a result Blood Pressure increases and Blood Osmolarity decreases
  14. Urine volume will be low and Urine Osmolarity will be high
17
Q

Volume Expansion Example:

A
  1. Blood Pressure and Blood Volume are high
  2. Blood Osmolarity is low
  3. ANP activity is increased
  4. SNS, Angiotensin II, Aldosterone, ADH, are all DECREASED
  5. ANP increases GFR
  6. Na and Water excretion increases
  7. Higher Na and Water in the Urine
  8. Blood Volume is decreased and as a result Blood Pressure decreased and Blood Osmolarity is increased
  9. Urine Volume will be high and Urine Osmolarity will be low

Renal Physiology (7 decks)

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