Regulation Of Body Temperature

Question 0

Metabolic rate is?

Answer 0

The rate at which food is broken down is called the metabolic rate.

Question 1

What is the relatively constant temperature the human body remains at?

Answer 1

The human body remains at a relatively constant temperature of 36.8C

Question 2

Metabolic rate in KJ is the amount of energy lost per hour per metre square of the body surface. What is metabolic rate affected by?

Answer 2

Metabolic rate is affected by exercise, stress and body temperature.

Question 3

What are skin thermoreceptors (temperature receptors) known as?

Answer 3

The peripheral thermoreceptors.

Question 4

An example of a central thermoreceptor is? This can be further divided into heat and cold thermoreceptors.

Answer 4

Those not in the skin such as the hypothalamus are called central thermoreceptors.

Question 5

What is radiation?

Answer 5

A mechanism of transfer where heat is moved from one object to another without physical contact. Heat moves from hotter to colder objects.

Question 6

What is conduction?

Answer 6

Where heat is transferred from one object to another via physical contact. Hear moves from hotter to colder objects.

Question 7

What is convection?

Answer 7

A mechanism in which air warmed by your body becomes more dense, and is then pushed away by cooler air coming to take its place. Faster air flow equals more heat removed.

Question 8

What is evaporation?

Answer 8

The conversion of a liquid to vapour. Converting liquid requires a large amount of heat, which is absorbed from the surface of the body, thus cooling the skin.

Question 9

When the hypothalamus detects a fall in temperature it promotes what other than an increase in thyroxin production from the thyroid gland.

Answer 9

• Vasoconstriction of blood vessels to skin of internal organs
• Stimulates adrenal medulla to secrete adrenaline/noradrenaline increasing cellular metabolism

Question 10

Shivering is?

Answer 10

Stimulation of skeletal muscles to oscillate, this happens to prevent your body temp from falling.

Question 11

What is piloerection?

Answer 11

Hair follicles standing erect to trap warm air. This does not work in humans and results in goose bumps

Question 12

In order to prevent the body temperature from rising what occurs?

Answer 12

• Dilation of blood vessels in skin to carry heat to the surface and allow conduction, convection & radiation
• Production of sweat on skin surface for evaporation. Ineffective when humid.

Question 13

When the body temperature is lowered what is the modulator?

Answer 13

The hypothalamus stimulates the medulla oblongata and the anterior pituitary increases TSH secretion.

Question 14

What are the effectors if body temperature is lowered?

Answer 14

Blood vessels in the skin, thyroid adrenal medulla, cerebrum (behaviour centre) and skeletal muscles.

Question 15

What is the response to lowered body temperature?

Answer 15

Increased thyroxine, increased adrenaline/noradrenaline, shivering, vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin.

Question 16

When an increased body temperature occurs what are the modulators?

Answer 16

The hypothalamus stimulates the medulla oblongata and the anterior pituitary secretes less TSH.

Question 17

The effectors that occur when body temperature is increased are:

Answer 17

Blood vessels in the skin, thyroid, adrenal medulla, cerebrum (behaviour centre), skeletal muscles and the sweat glands.

Question 18

The response to this rise in temperature is?

Answer 18

lowered thyroxine, adrenaline & noradrenaline, cooling behaviour, vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin and sweat glands secrete sweat.