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Cardiovascular Physiology > Regulation of arteriolar resistance > Flashcards

Regulation of arteriolar resistance Flashcards

1
Q

Varying radius of resistance vessels (arterioles) effects

A
  1. Controls flow (Poiseuille’s law)

2. Controls TPR (Darcy’s law)

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2
Q

Sympathetic (neural) effect on arteriolar tone

A
  • Noradrenaline (more significant than adrenaline)
  • Bind to alpha 1 receptor
  • Arteriolar constriction
  • Decrease flow and increase TPR
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3
Q

Parasympathetic effect on arteriolar tone

A

Usually no effect

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4
Q

Adrenaline (hormonal) effect on most regions of the body

A
  • Binds to beta 1 receptor
  • Arteriolar constriction
  • Decreased blood flow and increased TPR
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5
Q

Adrenaline (hormonal) effect on skeletal and cardiac muscle

A
  • Binds to beta 2 receptor
  • Arteriolar dilation
  • Increased blood flow and decreased TPR
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6
Q

Angiotensin II (hormonal) production and secretion

A
  • Low blood volume

- Arteriolar constriction

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7
Q

Vasopressin (=ADH) production and secretion

A
  • Low blood volume

- Arteriolar constriction

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8
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide (hormone) production and secretion

A
  • Secreted by cardiomyocytes (atria) in response to high blood volume
  • Arteriolar dilation
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9
Q

Brain natriuretic peptide (hormone) production and secretion

A
  • Secreted by cardiomyocytes (ventricles) in response to high blood volume
  • Arteriolar dilation and increased natriuresis
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10
Q

Active (metabolic) hyperaemia

A
  1. Increased metabolic activity
  2. Increased concentration of metabolites
  3. EDRF/NO? (paracrine) secretion
  4. Arteriolar dilation
  5. Flow increases (to wash out metabolites)
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11
Q

Pressure (flow) autoregulation

A
  1. Decreased MAP
  2. Decreased flow
  3. Metabolites accumulate
  4. EDRF/NO? secretion
  5. Arteriolar dilation
  6. Flow returns to normal
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12
Q

Reactive hyperaemia

A
  1. Occlusion of blood supply
  2. Subsequent increase in blood flow
    Extreme version of pressure autoregulation.
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13
Q

Injury response

A
  1. C-fibre secretes substance P
  2. Activated mast cells secrete histamine
  3. Arteriolar dilation
  4. Increased blood flow and permeability (blood-borne leucocytes to injured area)
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14
Q

Coronary circulation

A
  • Blood supply interrupted by systole
  • Excellent active hyperaemia
  • Expresses many beta-2 receptors
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15
Q

Cerebral circulation

A
  • Kept stable

- Excellent pressure (flow) autoregulation

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16
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A
  1. Decreased oxygen
  2. Arteriolar constriction
  3. Blood is directed to best ventilated parts of lung
17
Q

Renal circulation

A
  • Renal filtration is pressure-dependent

- Excellent pressure (flow) autoregulation

Cardiovascular Physiology (10 decks)

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