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Renal I Final > Regulation of Acid Base Balance (Lecture and DSA) > Flashcards

Regulation of Acid Base Balance (Lecture and DSA) Flashcards

1
Q

What are nonvolatile sources of acid? how are they excreted?

A

Via the kidneys.

Cysteine, Methionine = Sulfuric acid
Lysine, Arginine, Histidine = Hydrochloric acid
Organic acids = Bicarb

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2
Q

What are volatile sources of acid? How are they excreted?

A 
Glucose = Bicarb
Fat = Bicarb
Glucose = Lactate

Via the lungs

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3
Q

Formula for Net Acid Excretion

A

(Acid excretion) - (Bicarb)

[(UNH4)(V) + (UTA)(V)] - (UHCO3)(V)

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4
Q

What happens to NAE during Acidosis?

A

Increases

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5
Q

What happens to NAE during Alkalosis?

A

Decreases

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6
Q

What fraction of NAE does Titratable acid make up?

A

1/3

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7
Q

What fraction of NAE does NH4 make up?

A

2/3

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8
Q

What effect does hyperkalemia have on H+ secretion?

A

Decrease secretion

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9
Q

What effect does hypokalemia have on H+ secretion?

A

Increase secretion

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10
Q

What three mechanisms are utilized by the body to compensate for acid base disturbances?

A

Buffer system
Adjust PCO2 of the blood
Adjust NAE

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11
Q

Type I Renal Tubular Acidosis

A

Decreased secretion of H+

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12
Q

Type II RTA

A

Increased loss of HCO3

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13
Q

Type IV RTA

A

Hypoaldosteronism

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14
Q

Type III RTA

A

Mix of Type 1 and Type 2

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15
Q

What diseases are associated with Type I RTA?

A

Autoimmune disorders

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16
Q

What diseases are associated with Type II RTA

A

Fanconis Syndrome, Myeloma, Drugs

17
Q

What diseases are associated with Type IV RTA?

A

Diabetic neuropathy, drug use

18
Q

What effect does hyperkalemia have on NH4 production?

A

Inhibit NH4 production

19
Q

What effect does hypokalemia have on NH4 production?

A

Stimulate NH4 production

20
Q

What glycoproteins play a role in nonionic diffusion and diffusion trapping of ammonium?

A

Rh glycoproteins- RhBG (basolateral) and RhCG (apical and basolateral)

Renal I Final (7 decks)

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