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Spanish > Reglas Gramáticas > Flashcards

Reglas Gramáticas Flashcards

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1
Q

Equal comparisons with adjectives/ adverbs

A

Tan (adj) como….

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2
Q

Equal comparisons with nouns

A

Tanto/s (noun) como

Practico tantos deportes como tú

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3
Q

Equal comparisons with verbs

A

(verb) tanto como

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4
Q

A personal rule

A

Only use “a” when you talking about a specific person or group

(Conozco a Julia)

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5
Q

Let’s (verb)

A

A (inf)

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6
Q

Two ways to ask how long something has happened

A

Hace cuantos (time period) que (present conjugation of verb)

Hace cuantos meses que estudias español

And

Desde cuándo (present conjugation of verb)

Desde cuándo cantas en la iglesia?

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7
Q

Affirmative commands in tu form and irregular commands (8 of them)

A

Drop the r, same as third person present

Viver –> vive

Despertar –> despierta

Venir --> ven
Poner --> pon
Tener --> ten
Hacer --> haz
Ser --> sé
Decir --> di
Ir --> ve
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8
Q

Tu commands, negatives

A

This is the same as “no” form in uds, And add an s

Toca –> toques
Jugar –> juegues
Venir –> vengas

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9
Q

Where to put pronouns in commands

A

Put them after the verb in affirmative,

Before the verb in negative

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10
Q

How to form a command in ud and uds form, and the irregulars, and stem changes

A

Ud

Ar –> e. Empezar –> empiece

Er –> a. Comer –> coma

Stem change happens!!

Uds add an “n” afterwards comer –> coman

Irregulares are:

Dar --> dé
Estar --> esté
Ser --> sea
Saber --> sepa
Ir --> vaya

Also!

Verbs ending in:

  • car –> que buscar –> busque
  • zar –> ce. Comenzar –> comencé
  • gar –> gue. Pagar –> pague
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11
Q

Ways to answer questions about how long (4 ways)

A

Hace (#)(time period) que (present form)

Desde que (present tense)

Desde (specific point in time)

Desde hace (time period)

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12
Q

How to form an unequal comparison

A

Más (adj) que ….

Mejor que …

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13
Q

Superlatives

A

El/la más (adj) de (What you’re comparing)

Brazil es el más grande de países en sur america

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14
Q

Unequal comparisons with verbs and nu

A

(present of verb) más/menos que….

Más/menos de (#)

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15
Q

Changes for -car, -gar, -zar in preterite

A
  • car –> qué
  • gar –> gué
  • zar –> cé
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16
Q

-ar verbs in preterite

A 
Yo.                         é
Tu.                         aste
El, ella, ud.           ó
Nosotros.           amos
Vosotros.            Asteis
Ellos, ellas, uds.  aron
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17
Q

-er and -ir verbs in preterite

A 
Yo.                         í
Tu.                         iste
El, ella, ud.           ió
Nosotros.          imos
Vosotros.          isteis
Ellos, ellas, uds.  ieron
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18
Q

Dar and ver endings in preterite

A 
Yo.                                i
tu                                 iste
El, ella, ud                 io
nosotros.                 imos
vosotros.                  isteis
Ellos ellas uds        ieron
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19
Q

Conjugation of tener and it’s verbs in preterite

A 
Yo.                               Tuve
tu                                 tuviste
El, ella, ud                 tuvo
nosotros.                 Tuvimos
vosotros.                  Tuvisteis
Ellos ellas uds        tuveron
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20
Q

Irregular preterite stems

A 
Tener --> tuv
estar --> estuv
poder --> pud
poner --> pus
Andar --> anduv
saber --> sup
caber --> cup
Haber --> hub
Querer --> quis
venir --> vin
hacer --> hic, haz
Decir --> dij
traer --> traj
conducir --> conduj

Also endings are -eron in uds

21
Q

Other meanings for conocer, saber, And querer in preterite

A

Conocer: to meet for the first time
Saber: to find out
Querer: to try
In negative, to refuse

22
Q

-ir verb root change in preterite ud and uds form

A

E –> ie And e –> i change to e –> i

Sirvo –> sirvió

O –> ue becomes o –> u

Duermo –> durmió

23
Q

Conjugation of it/see in preterite

A 
Yo.                         Fue
Tu.                         Fuiste
El, ella, ud.           Fue
Nosotros.           Fuimos
Vosotros.            Fuisteis
Ellos, ellas, uds.  Fueron

Note: ir form uses the preposition “a”

24
Q

Conjugation of -uir, leer and creer in preterite ud and uds

A

-uir –> uyó, uyeron

25
Q

Vosotros commands

A

Replace the final r with a d

Tener –> tened

26
Q

Present conjugation of haber

A 
Yo.                         He
Tu.                         Has
El, ella, ud.           Ha
Nosotros.          Hemos
Vosotros.            Haís
Ellos, ellas, uds.  Han
27
Q

Stress rules

A
  1. If the word ends with a vowel, n, or s, it’s on the second to last syllable
  2. Other words are on last syllable
28
Q

Irregular Present participles

Estoy ____ndo

A

-ir and -er the stems change to keep the vowel sound

Leer –> leyendo. Oír –> oyendo

Stem changing -ir verbs:
e –> i, o –> u

Pedir –> pidiendo

Dormir –> durmiendo

29
Q

How to construct the present perfect and

A

To talk about something RIGHT NOW

Estar (conjugated) (inf) ando/iendo

Estoy comiendo ahora

30
Q

How to talk about a future event

A

(Conjugate ir) a (inf)

Voy a pagar

31
Q

When to use “en” vs “a”

A

“a” implies motion, “en” does not

Voy a el parque

Estoy en el parque

32
Q

How to talk about a present condition, because of a previous action

A

(conjugate estar) (adj)

Está muerto

33
Q

How to ask for information, not an explanation

A

Cuál(es) (pregunta)

Cuál cama es mi cama?

34
Q

How to ask for a definition, not an explanation

A

Que (pregunta)

Que es esto?

35
Q

Yo conjugation of poner, hacer, salir, traer

A

Pongo
Hago
Salgo
Traigo

36
Q

-ir verb present conjugation

A 
Yo.                         o
Tu.                         es
El, ella, ud.           i
Nosotros.           imos
Vosotros.            ís
Ellos, ellas, uds.  en
37
Q

-er verbo present conjugation

A 
Yo.                         o
Tu.                         es
El, ella, ud.           e
Nosotros.           emos
Vosotros.            éis
Ellos, ellas, uds.  en
38
Q

-ar present conjugation

A 
Yo.                         o
Tu.                         as
El, ella, ud.           a
Nosotros.           amos
Vosotros.            áis
Ellos, ellas, uds.  an
39
Q

Estar present conjugation

A 
Yo.                         Estoy
Tu.                         Estás
El, ella, ud.           Está
Nosotros.           Estamos
Vosotros.            Estáis
Ellos, ellas, uds.  Están
40
Q

Ir present conjugation

A 
Yo.                         Voy
Tu.                         Vas
El, ella, ud.           Va
Nosotros     Vamos
Vosotros.            Vais
Ellos, ellas, uds.  Van
41
Q

ser conjugation present

A 
Yo.                         Soy
Tu.                      Eres
El, ella, ud.           Es
Nosotros.           Somos
Vosotros.            Sois
Ellos, ellas, uds.  Son
42
Q

It’s necessary to

A

Hay que (inf)

43
Q

How to construct “was (verb)ing”

A

Fue (inf) + do

El fue estudiado por el examen

44
Q

(person) may have

A

Puede que (persona) tenga

45
Q

Por vs para

A

Por: the cause of an action, motion, duration.

Para: the effect, destination, deadline.

Estoy trabajando para mi familia.
Estoy trabajando por mi familia.

First one is working in order to help the family, second one is substituting.

Salimons por la puerta. Viajan para Bolivia.

Trabajó por dos horas. La tarea es para lunes

46
Q

How to express an action the went on for a period of time in the past “i.e I had been working for three months” (2 ways)

A

Hacía (time period) que (verb in imperfect)

Verb in imperfect) desde hacía (time

47
Q

How to ask how long someone had done something “i.e how long have you been working?”

A

Cuánto tiempo hacía que (verb in imperfect)

Hacía cuánto tiempo que (imperfect verb)

48
Q

How to express a past action that took place at a specific time “i.e I saw him two months ago

A

Hace (time) que (verbo in preterite)

Spanish (10 decks)

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