registry review Flashcards
1
Q
body temp
A
96.8 - 100.4F/ 36.0 -38.0 c
2
Q
pulse adult
A
60-110 beats per min
3
Q
pulse infant
A
100- 160 beats per min
4
Q
pulse children
A
95-110 beats per min
5
Q
respiration adults
A
14-20 beats per min
6
Q
respiration adolescents
A
18-22 beats per min
7
Q
respiration children
A
22-28 beats per min
8
Q
respiration infants
A
30 or greater
9
Q
blood pressure
A
120/ 80mm hg
10
Q
systolic pressure
A
peak pressure in arteries (contraction of heart)
11
Q
diastolic pressure
A
lowest pressure in arteries (relaxation of heart)
12
Q
oximetry
A
measures blood oxygen levels 95-100%
13
Q
measure renal function
A
creatinie , BUN,GFR
14
Q
creatinine
A
.5-1.7 mg/dl
15
Q
BUN
A
6-22 mg/dL
16
Q
radiologist must be consulted when BUN is ____ and creatinie is ____
A
greater than 30, greater than 2
17
Q
GFR
A
90-120mL/ min
18
Q
PTT (partial thromboplastin time )
A
25 to 35 sec
19
Q
PT blood coagulation
A
12-15 seconds
20
Q
INR (international normalized ratio)
A
.8-1.2
21
Q
platelet count
A
140,000 -440,000
22
Q
LFT ( liver function test) – bilirubin
A
.1-1.2mg/dL
23
Q
anticoagulants
A
inhibit coagulation
24
Q
anticoagulants names
A
Warfin (coumadin) , Heparin , Plavix, Aspirin
25
Less than____ of the dose of contrast is excreted into breast milk
1%
26
aseptic
when personnel use techniques to reduce infection during IV injection (wearing gloves)
27
sterile
when personnel are maintaining a sterile area which includes the area of interest and the area around it ( sterile drape in surgery )
28
a 20 gauge or larger is preferable for flow rates of ___or higher
3mL/s
29
KVP has a ____ relationship w/dose
direct and exponential : decrease w/ no change in other factors will decrease dose
30
mAs has a ____ relationship w/dose
direct as mAs increase dose to patient increases
31
Pitch with a single slice scanner
pitch above 1 decreases pt. dose (shorter scan time)
32
pitch with MDCT
increase in pitch increases image noise and increases dose to the patient
33
thinner slices ____ pt. dose
increase
34
prospective gating
ECG trigger which allows for pauses in radiation dose as oppose to continuous exposure
35
lead apron in CT should be
above or below patient , never inside the SFOV
36
bismuth shields should be placed
after scout image is taken can be placed in SFOV
37
CTDI dose index
calculation of the dose received by the patient during a CT scan or slice
38
axial, step ans shoot : CTDIw
dose measurements along the x and y axes
39
helical : CTDI vol
dose measurements for sections of CT obtain during helical scan x,y, and z-axis
40
MSAD (multiple scan average dose )
is an older term /method for calculating average cumulation of dose to the pt.
41
MSAD formula axial scans :
MSDA=T/I xCTDI
```
T= slice thickness
I= incrementation
```
42
overlapping scans ____pt. dose
increase
43
gaps in scans _____pt. dose
decrease
44
MSDA formula helical scans
MSDA=CDTI/pitch
is controlled by pitch
45
dose length product
international measurement of CT pt. dose
46
DLP formula
```
DLP= CTDIvol x scan length
DLP= MSAD x slice thickness(cm) z No. of slices in scan volume
```
47
dose notification
technical settings are higher than preset limits
48
dose alert
total dose for scan is higher than preset limits
49
azimuth
angle of x-ray tube in relationship to the pt. during a scan
50
the gantry houses :
generator , x-ray tube, collimators, DAS, slip rings , detectors
51
SSCT collimators
uses a fan or coned shaped x-ray beam
52
MDCT collimators
uses a cone-shaped x-ray beam
53
generator
high frequency
60 to 110 kilowatts (kW)
has a high voltages current needed to produce x-rays
54
the configuration of the x-ray tube to the detectors determine
scanner generation
55
3rd generation
fan beam, rotate-rotate
56
4th generation
fan beam, stationary circular detector , rotate only
57
2nd generation
fan beam , translate-rotate
58
1st generation
parallel beam , translate -rotate
59
5th generation
fan beam , high -speed CT scanning , EBCT
60
6th generation
multiple x-ray tubes/detectors
61
7th generation
tube/ detector coupled , flat -panel digital detectors , produce good spatial resolution but lack contrast resolution
62
ray
part of the x-ray beam that hits the detector (beams path)
63
ray sum
is the value given to that beam (calculation of it's attenuation value- linear coefficient )
64
view (projection)
collection of rays sums
65
profile
systems 's calculation of all the ray sums received
66
prepatient collimation
determines the size of the focal spot
67
detector (post patient ) collimators
shape the beam and remove scatter
68
data channels
control the number of slices the system can obtain
69
array processor
is responsible for for receiving scan data processing it to produce the CT image ( applying reconstruction algorithms/kernels) and then sending it back to the computer where it can be seen and stored
70
preprocessing software
initial processing of the signal data received from the detectors (helps with beam hardening)
71
reconstruction software
mathematical applications applied to raw data to create an image ex. convolution, back projection , algorithms
72
postprocessing software
further changes to the processed data images to be seen in different planes
73
WW controls
contrast
74
WL controls
brightness
75
calcium score of 0
no evidence of plaque
76
calcium score of 1-10
minimal plaque
77
calcium score of 11- 100
mild plaque
78
calcium score of 101-400
moderate plaque
79
calcium score greater than 400
extensive plaque
80
reconstruction
raw data is used to create new images
81
reformation
when image data is used to produce images in different planes or to produce 3D images
82
image reformation is also called
image rendering
83
to reformat a CT study all source images must have identical
DFOV, image center ,gantry tilt, and they must be contiguous
84
reformations that is done to show anatomy in various planes
MPR
85
MPR
are 2D in nature . Unlike 3D displays , 2D image displays always represent the original CT attenuation values
86
CPR curved planar reformation
allows images to be created along the center line of tubular organs
87
surface rendering
images are created by comparing the intensity of each voxel in the data set to some predetermined threshold /ct value
88
MIP
selects voxels w/ the highest value to display
89
MinIP
selects voxels with the lowest value to display
90
volume rendering
3D semitransparent representation of imaged structure
all voxels contribute to the image allowing the image to display multiple tissues and show their relationship to one another
91
spatial resolution (high contrast resolution)
ability to see the difference in small structures which are close together
92
spatial resolution is measured in
line pairs per centimeter
93
factors that affect spatial resolution
```
focal spot size
detector size
reconstruction algorithm
pixel dimension
sampling frequency
```
94
contrast resolution (low contrast resolution)
ability to see the difference in 2 structures w/similar HU
95
factors affecting contrast resolution
```
subject contrast
beam collimation
algorithm selection
window setting
detector collimation
noise
```
96
temporal resolution
the speed that the data can be acquired
97
noise
data (signal ) that doesn't contain any useful information . only degrades the image (quantum, electronic system, artifactual)
98
signal to noise ratio (SNR)
measured w/water phantom
| should be zero any other number noise is present
99
uniformity
the ability of the scanner to yield the same CT number regardless of the location of an ROI within a homogeneous object
100
linearity
refer to the relationship between CT numbers and linear attenuation values of the scanned object at a designated kVP value
measured by scanning special phantom that has multiple materials
