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CT computed tomography registry review > registry review > Flashcards

registry review Flashcards

1
Q

body temp

A

96.8 - 100.4F/ 36.0 -38.0 c

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2
Q

pulse adult

A

60-110 beats per min

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3
Q

pulse infant

A

100- 160 beats per min

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4
Q

pulse children

A

95-110 beats per min

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5
Q

respiration adults

A

14-20 beats per min

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6
Q

respiration adolescents

A

18-22 beats per min

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7
Q

respiration children

A

22-28 beats per min

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8
Q

respiration infants

A

30 or greater

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9
Q

blood pressure

A

120/ 80mm hg

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10
Q

systolic pressure

A

peak pressure in arteries (contraction of heart)

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11
Q

diastolic pressure

A

lowest pressure in arteries (relaxation of heart)

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12
Q

oximetry

A

measures blood oxygen levels 95-100%

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13
Q

measure renal function

A

creatinie , BUN,GFR

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14
Q

creatinine

A

.5-1.7 mg/dl

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15
Q

BUN

A

6-22 mg/dL

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16
Q

radiologist must be consulted when BUN is ____ and creatinie is ____

A

greater than 30, greater than 2

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17
Q

GFR

A

90-120mL/ min

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18
Q

PTT (partial thromboplastin time )

A

25 to 35 sec

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19
Q

PT blood coagulation

A

12-15 seconds

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20
Q

INR (international normalized ratio)

A

.8-1.2

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21
Q

platelet count

A

140,000 -440,000

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22
Q

LFT ( liver function test) – bilirubin

A

.1-1.2mg/dL

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23
Q

anticoagulants

A

inhibit coagulation

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24
Q

anticoagulants names

A

Warfin (coumadin) , Heparin , Plavix, Aspirin

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25
Q

Less than____ of the dose of contrast is excreted into breast milk

A

1%

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26
Q

aseptic

A

when personnel use techniques to reduce infection during IV injection (wearing gloves)

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27
Q

sterile

A

when personnel are maintaining a sterile area which includes the area of interest and the area around it ( sterile drape in surgery )

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28
Q

a 20 gauge or larger is preferable for flow rates of ___or higher

A

3mL/s

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29
Q

KVP has a ____ relationship w/dose

A

direct and exponential : decrease w/ no change in other factors will decrease dose

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30
Q

mAs has a ____ relationship w/dose

A

direct as mAs increase dose to patient increases

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31
Q

Pitch with a single slice scanner

A

pitch above 1 decreases pt. dose (shorter scan time)

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32
Q

pitch with MDCT

A

increase in pitch increases image noise and increases dose to the patient

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33
Q

thinner slices ____ pt. dose

A

increase

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34
Q

prospective gating

A

ECG trigger which allows for pauses in radiation dose as oppose to continuous exposure

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35
Q

lead apron in CT should be

A

above or below patient , never inside the SFOV

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36
Q

bismuth shields should be placed

A

after scout image is taken can be placed in SFOV

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37
Q

CTDI dose index

A

calculation of the dose received by the patient during a CT scan or slice

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38
Q

axial, step ans shoot : CTDIw

A

dose measurements along the x and y axes

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39
Q

helical : CTDI vol

A

dose measurements for sections of CT obtain during helical scan x,y, and z-axis

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40
Q

MSAD (multiple scan average dose )

A

is an older term /method for calculating average cumulation of dose to the pt.

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41
Q

MSAD formula axial scans :

A

MSDA=T/I xCTDI

T= slice thickness
I= incrementation
42
Q

overlapping scans ____pt. dose

A

increase

43
Q

gaps in scans _____pt. dose

A

decrease

44
Q

MSDA formula helical scans

A

MSDA=CDTI/pitch

is controlled by pitch

45
Q

dose length product

A

international measurement of CT pt. dose

46
Q

DLP formula

A 
DLP= CTDIvol x scan length 
DLP= MSAD x slice thickness(cm) z No. of slices in scan volume
47
Q

dose notification

A

technical settings are higher than preset limits

48
Q

dose alert

A

total dose for scan is higher than preset limits

49
Q

azimuth

A

angle of x-ray tube in relationship to the pt. during a scan

50
Q

the gantry houses :

A

generator , x-ray tube, collimators, DAS, slip rings , detectors

51
Q

SSCT collimators

A

uses a fan or coned shaped x-ray beam

52
Q

MDCT collimators

A

uses a cone-shaped x-ray beam

53
Q

generator

A

high frequency
60 to 110 kilowatts (kW)
has a high voltages current needed to produce x-rays

54
Q

the configuration of the x-ray tube to the detectors determine

A

scanner generation

55
Q

3rd generation

A

fan beam, rotate-rotate

56
Q

4th generation

A

fan beam, stationary circular detector , rotate only

57
Q

2nd generation

A

fan beam , translate-rotate

58
Q

1st generation

A

parallel beam , translate -rotate

59
Q

5th generation

A

fan beam , high -speed CT scanning , EBCT

60
Q

6th generation

A

multiple x-ray tubes/detectors

61
Q

7th generation

A

tube/ detector coupled , flat -panel digital detectors , produce good spatial resolution but lack contrast resolution

62
Q

ray

A

part of the x-ray beam that hits the detector (beams path)

63
Q

ray sum

A

is the value given to that beam (calculation of it’s attenuation value- linear coefficient )

64
Q

view (projection)

A

collection of rays sums

65
Q

profile

A

systems ‘s calculation of all the ray sums received

66
Q

prepatient collimation

A

determines the size of the focal spot

67
Q

detector (post patient ) collimators

A

shape the beam and remove scatter

68
Q

data channels

A

control the number of slices the system can obtain

69
Q

array processor

A

is responsible for for receiving scan data processing it to produce the CT image ( applying reconstruction algorithms/kernels) and then sending it back to the computer where it can be seen and stored

70
Q

preprocessing software

A

initial processing of the signal data received from the detectors (helps with beam hardening)

71
Q

reconstruction software

A

mathematical applications applied to raw data to create an image ex. convolution, back projection , algorithms

72
Q

postprocessing software

A

further changes to the processed data images to be seen in different planes

73
Q

WW controls

A

contrast

74
Q

WL controls

A

brightness

75
Q

calcium score of 0

A

no evidence of plaque

76
Q

calcium score of 1-10

A

minimal plaque

77
Q

calcium score of 11- 100

A

mild plaque

78
Q

calcium score of 101-400

A

moderate plaque

79
Q

calcium score greater than 400

A

extensive plaque

80
Q

reconstruction

A

raw data is used to create new images

81
Q

reformation

A

when image data is used to produce images in different planes or to produce 3D images

82
Q

image reformation is also called

A

image rendering

83
Q

to reformat a CT study all source images must have identical

A

DFOV, image center ,gantry tilt, and they must be contiguous

84
Q

reformations that is done to show anatomy in various planes

A

MPR

85
Q

MPR

A

are 2D in nature . Unlike 3D displays , 2D image displays always represent the original CT attenuation values

86
Q

CPR curved planar reformation

A

allows images to be created along the center line of tubular organs

87
Q

surface rendering

A

images are created by comparing the intensity of each voxel in the data set to some predetermined threshold /ct value

88
Q

MIP

A

selects voxels w/ the highest value to display

89
Q

MinIP

A

selects voxels with the lowest value to display

90
Q

volume rendering

A

3D semitransparent representation of imaged structure
all voxels contribute to the image allowing the image to display multiple tissues and show their relationship to one another

91
Q

spatial resolution (high contrast resolution)

A

ability to see the difference in small structures which are close together

92
Q

spatial resolution is measured in

A

line pairs per centimeter

93
Q

factors that affect spatial resolution

A 
focal spot size
detector size 
reconstruction algorithm 
pixel dimension 
sampling frequency
94
Q

contrast resolution (low contrast resolution)

A

ability to see the difference in 2 structures w/similar HU

95
Q

factors affecting contrast resolution

A 
subject contrast 
beam collimation 
algorithm selection 
window setting 
detector collimation 
noise
96
Q

temporal resolution

A

the speed that the data can be acquired

97
Q

noise

A

data (signal ) that doesn’t contain any useful information . only degrades the image (quantum, electronic system, artifactual)

98
Q

signal to noise ratio (SNR)

A

measured w/water phantom

should be zero any other number noise is present

99
Q

uniformity

A

the ability of the scanner to yield the same CT number regardless of the location of an ROI within a homogeneous object

100
Q

linearity

A

refer to the relationship between CT numbers and linear attenuation values of the scanned object at a designated kVP value

measured by scanning special phantom that has multiple materials

CT computed tomography registry review (1 decks)

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