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Registry Flashcards

1
Q

when acquiring a lateral projection of the finger it is important to keep the finger parallel tot he image receptor because in this position

a. the joint spaces are perpendicular to the image receptor and open on the resulting image
b. the joint spaces are parallel to the image receptor and open on the resulting image
c. elongation of the phalanx enables an unobstructed view of a fracture
d. foreshortening of the phalanx enables an unobstructed view of a fractre

A

a

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2
Q

what type of radiographic study is used to evaluate skeletal maturity

A

bone age

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3
Q

The ___ sphincter prevents reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus

A

cardiac

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4
Q

The best reason to use touch for emphasis when performing a radiologic exam is to

A

specify instructions or location

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5
Q

which is a primary barrier?

a. lead apron
b. lead gloves
c. exposure room door
d. control booth window

A

exposure room door

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6
Q

The outer portion of the double-walled sac in the abdominal cavity is call the

A

parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

a 25 guage, 0.5 inch needle is best used for ___ injection

A

subcutaneous

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8
Q

the anatomic stuffbox overlies the ___ bone and the radial artery

A

scaphoid

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9
Q

the rationale behind the development of AEC is?

a. decrease the need for technique charts
b. make the technologist more of a button pusher
c. reduce repeats and improve image quality
d. increase productivity and patient dose

A

reduce repeats and improve image quality

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10
Q

The letter “U” as an abbreviation can be mistaken for

A

0

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11
Q

The ICRP dose equivalent limit for the hands is ____ mSv

A

500

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12
Q

The ejection of an electron from an atom or molecule is known as

A

ionization

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13
Q

an image that has many shades of gray with few differences among them is defined as exhibiting

a. high spatial resolution
b. low contrast
c. high dynamic range
d. low bit depth

A

low contrast

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14
Q

The ___ sinuses sits directly beneath the sella turcica

A

sphenoidal

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15
Q

the process of electrons boiling off the filament is referred to as

A

thermionic emission

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16
Q

which if the following is a cranial bone

a. mandible
b. parietal
c. vomer
d. maxillary

A

parietal

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17
Q

leakage radiation in the radiogrphy/fluoroscopy exposure room is emitted from the

A

x-ray tube housing

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18
Q

the junction between the coronal and sagittal sutures of the skull is called the

A

bregma

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19
Q

irradiation of the embryo during the first week of development to equivalent doses exceeding 200 mSv frequenatly results in

A

death

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20
Q

which type of communication includes eye contact, touch and tone of voice

A

nonverbal

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21
Q

the act of ___ is observed on fluoroscopy during an esophagram

A

deglutition

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22
Q

if 90 kVp is used with a single phase generator, the minimum electron voltage across the tube is ___ keV

A

0

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23
Q

which of the following is a guideline used to reduce personnel and patient dose during fixed fluoroscopy

a. 30 roentgens r/min max tabletop exposure rate
b. 15-inch min SSD
c. min filtration of 1/5mm Al equivalent
d. 0.5 mm primary protective barrier

A

15” min SSD

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24
Q

the ____ pleura closely adheres to the surface of the lung

A

visceral

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25
Q

which is not true concerning operator console

a. they contain an exposure button
b. consoles allow for focal spot size selection
c. consoles are supplied with high voltage
d. they display AEC settings

A

consoles are supplied with high voltage

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26
Q

exposure of an embryo or fetus to the radiation from ____ to ___ can result in congenital abnormalities

A

10 days to 6 weeks

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27
Q

x-ray tubes are operated at or above ___ kvp to avoid being space charge limited

A

40

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28
Q

what type of device is the mA selector

A

rheostat

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29
Q

children have epiphyseal plates made of ___ that can be evaluated as part of normal chronologic age for bone age analysis

A

hyaline cartilage

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30
Q

the quality of x-ray photons is affected by

A

kvp

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31
Q

all of the following except ___ will result in an increase in AEC response time

a. decreasing kvp
b. increasing the focal spot size
c. increasing the part thickness
d. increasing the SID

A

increasing the focal spot size

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32
Q

the device that permits the flow of electrons in one direction only is the

A

rectifier

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33
Q

what medium is injected into the joint of a patient undergoing positive single contrast radiographic arthrography

A

water soluble iodinated contrast

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34
Q

the primary function of filtration is to reduce

A

patient skin dose

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35
Q

technologists should rotate a patient how many degreese for an AP axial oblique c-spine

A

45 degrees

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36
Q

the 3 projections taken for a long bone measurement (scanography technique) of the lower extremity include

A

ap hip
ap knee
ap ankle

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37
Q

combining 2 hydroxyl radicals (OH) will form

A

H2O2

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38
Q

when the x-ray beam is NOT properly aligned with the grid stips the ___ is changed

A

receptor exposure

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39
Q

the typical flow rate for drip infusion drug administration is __ drops per min

A

10-20

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40
Q

genetic defects and cancer are examples of ___ effects

A

stochastic

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41
Q

the ____ receives electrons immediately after they are read out from an imaging detector

A

analog-to digital converter

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42
Q

the positive side of the x-ray tube is known as the ___

A

anode

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43
Q

the AEC controls which exposure variable

A

seconds

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44
Q

decreasing the detector element size will affect what

A

spatial resolution

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45
Q

what components make up the induction motor in an imaging system

A

rotor and stators

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46
Q

NCRP states annual occupational exposure to the lens of the eye should not exceed

A

150 mSv

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47
Q

when electrons move through a conductor ___ is said to flow

A

current

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48
Q

when positioning a patient for an AP open mouth the ___ plane/lines should be perpendicular to the image receptor

A

occlusal

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49
Q

select the true answer as it relates to nonstochastic (deterministic effect)

a. a response is known to occur
b. no threshold dose exists
c. the effect of radiation is unrelated to the dose
d. the effect does not follow any type of dose response curve

A

a response is known to occur

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50
Q

the ___ is an automatic exposure device that uses a gas-filled contain

A

ionization chamber

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51
Q

the ___ grid design is manufactured to match the divergence of the x-ray beam

A

focused

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52
Q

primary radiation barriers must be at least how many feet tall

A

7

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53
Q

using 75 kvp x-ray beam with a 0.25 mm lead equivalent apron provides protection from ___ of the beam

A

66%

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54
Q

what is the best projection to demonstrate the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine

A

AP/PA axial oblique

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55
Q

a patient is injected with a large volume of fluid intravenously called

A

bolus

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56
Q

when discussing the grid, the letter “k” represents the

A

contrast improvement factor

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57
Q

which of the following is considered a late nonstochastic effect

a. fibrosis
b. cancer
c. birth defect
d. increase fertility

A

fibrosis

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58
Q

which best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine

A

lateral

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59
Q

all affect the spatial resolution except

a. kvp
b. part size
c. tube angle
d. SID

A

kvp

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60
Q

the angle of the anode in the region of the target has a variation of ___ to __ degrees

A

7 to 20

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61
Q

what is designed to eliminate unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient

A

filtration

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62
Q

what structures are located in the mediastinum

A

trachea and thymus

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63
Q

The speed at which the anode rotates in the rotating anode x-ray tube can be

a . 3000 rpm

b. 10000 rpm
c. 15000 rpm

A

3000 and 10000

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64
Q

which of the following parts is not part of a needle

a. cannula
b. hub
c. bevel
d. plunger

A

plunger

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65
Q

what indicates not tilt on a projection of the chest

A

T4 superimposed on the manubrium

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66
Q

a radiograph demonstrates acceptable brightness in the middle of the image but shows gradually increasing brightness bilaterally further from the center which is a ____ error

A

upside down focus grid

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67
Q

the portion of the anode that stops the stream of e- during x-ray production is the

A

target

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68
Q

the protective booth that the radiographer stands behind when making the x-ray exposures is a ___ barrier

A

secondary

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69
Q

an air gap technique can be used in place of a grid in some instances because of

A

beam divergence

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70
Q

which of the following affects subject contrast

a. grids
b. OID
c. mAs
d. filtration

A

filtration

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71
Q

a patient develops erythema in the shape of the exposure field following an IR procedure. the legal doctrine most relevant to this injury would be

A

res ipsa loquitur

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72
Q

how many phalanges are located in the foot

A

14

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73
Q

radiodermatitis is a local tissue effect of the __ system

A

integumentary

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74
Q

high LET has a ___ RBE

A

high

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75
Q

while performing intravenous drug injections, it is necessary to decrease the angle of the needle once a flashback is seen in the intravenous catheter to

A

avoid passing through the vein

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76
Q

the device that is responsible for producing the high voltage necessary for x-ray production is the

A

transformer

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77
Q

a benign tumor arising from schwann cells of the eighth cranial nerve

A

acoustic neuroma

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78
Q

The AP axial projection of the c spine must demonstrate what levels

A

C3-T2

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79
Q

according to government regulations the xray beam must be withing ____ degrees of perpendicular

A

1

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80
Q

for a PA projection of the chest, the central ray is adjusted parallel to ___ and enters at the level of ____

A

midsagittal plane

T7

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81
Q

all of the following affect pt dose except for

a. inherent filtration
b. added filtration
c. SID
d. focal spot size

A

focal spot size

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82
Q

a fracture at the base of the 1st metacarpal is a

A

bennett

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83
Q

current that flow in only one direction is called ___ current

A

direct

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84
Q

the ____ xray interaction is most common in the human body

A

compton

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85
Q

a ___ is used to assess display monitors

A

society of motion picture and television engineers (SMPTE) test pattern

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86
Q

the central ray enters the _____ when performing an AP axial projection of the toes

A

3rd metatarsophlangeal joint

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87
Q

the sampling frequency of an imaging system determines the

A

pixel size

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88
Q

the active layer of a direct flat panel detector converts

A

x-rays to electrons

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89
Q

which imaging informatics system is a communication network of computers for image acquisition, display, and storage

A

picture archiving and communications system PACS

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90
Q

increase the kvp from 70 to 80 will result in an increase of the _____ of ___ photons

A

quality

characteristic

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91
Q

which projection of the chest is used to differentiate the lobes of the lungs, demonstrate the interlobar fissures, and localize pulmonary lesions

A

lateral

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92
Q

all are quality control tests for photostimulable imaging detectors except for

uniformity
spatial resolution
luminance
erasure thoroughness

A

luminance

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93
Q

the kidneys are located in what department

A

retroperitoneum

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94
Q

what might cause an increase in quantum mottle

  • increasing the mas
  • decreasing the field size
  • increasing the filament size
  • decreasing the grid ratio
A

decreasing the field size

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95
Q

what has the highest specificity for indicating nonaccidental trauma in pediatric patients

A

posterior rib fractures at different stages of healing

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96
Q

which image display monitor works by accelerating electrons towards a fluorescent screen

A

cathode ray tube

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97
Q

during the ____ stage of gestation prenatal death can result from exposure to ionizing radiation

A

preimplantation

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98
Q

all of the following affect tube output except

  • focal spot size
  • target material
  • filtration
  • kvp
A

focal spot size

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99
Q

a malignant tumor in the bone is a

A

osteosarcoma

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100
Q

put the circuitry sequence from incoming voltage in a high frequency generator

A

rectifier, capacitor, inverter, transformer, rectifier, capacitor

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101
Q

an increase in ____ will decrease image contrast

A

kvp

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102
Q

a malignant primary tumor of bone is a

A

osteosarcoma

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103
Q

a radiograph that demonstrates acceptable brightness along one side of the image but not on the opposite side represents a ___ error

A

off level grid

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104
Q

subject contrast is affected by

  • mas
  • barium
  • OID
  • all of the above
A

barium

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105
Q

the temporal mandibular joint (TMJ) is a ___ joint

A

synovial hinge and gliding

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106
Q

an increase in the difference between the atomic numbers or densities of adjacent tissues results in increased

A

subject contrast

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107
Q

the purpose of the rheostat in the x-ray circuitry is to

A

adjust filament temperature

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108
Q

the bony structure in which the pituitary sits is the __ which is in the ____ bone

A

sella turcica; sphenoid

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109
Q

a malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells is a

A

chondrosarcoma

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110
Q

for a lateral projection of the cranium, the ___line is perpendicular to the front edge of the image receptor

A

infraorbitomeatal line IOML

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111
Q

most cell damage from ionzing radiation occurs when xrays interact with

A

water molecules

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112
Q

filtration affects the primary beam by

A

increasing the average energy of the primary beam

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113
Q

the most common subcutaneous sites for drug injection are the

A

abdomen and outer thighs

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114
Q

the anode heel effect is most prevalent with a ____ SID and ___ Receptor size

A

short

large

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115
Q

the misrepresentation of the size and shape of an object is referred to as

A

distortion

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116
Q

when H2O gains an electron making it become

A

HOH-

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117
Q

a benign tumor consisting of cartilage is a

A

enchondroma

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118
Q

which of the following is not an advantage of beam restriction?

  • reduced scatter radiation production
  • need to irradiate less biologic material
  • need for less total filtration
  • improved image contrast
A

need for less total filtration

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119
Q

what component is commonly replacing the vidicon camera found in older fluoro units

A

CCD

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120
Q

an increase in image contrast will result from increasing which of the following

  • OID
  • SID
  • kvp
  • focal spot size
A

OID

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121
Q

which bones are part of the orbit

A

palatine
lacrimal
maxilla

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122
Q

the ap axial oblique projections of the c spien demonstrate the ____ that are ___ the image receptor

A

intervertebral foramina

farthest from

123
Q

medical imaging order entry and scheduling of imaging visits occur in the

A

RIS

124
Q

the air gap technique uses a ___ SID and ___ OID

A

long and long

125
Q

the prolapse of one part of the gastrointestinal tract into the lumen of an adjacent part of the GI tract is known as

A

intussusception

126
Q

generally speaking, the dose to staff standing 1 meter from the patient is ___ of the incident exposure

A

1/1000

127
Q

the potential difference in a circuit of 20 amperes and 10 ohms is ___ volts

A

200

128
Q

the minimum lead equivalent requirement for gonadal shielding is

A

0.25

129
Q

the auricular surface of the ilium articulates with the

A

sacrum

130
Q

the optic nerve passes into the orbit through the

A

optic foramen

131
Q

___ is the software function that enhances contrast along the boundaries of tstructure

A

edge enhancement

132
Q

the basic difference between the sievert and other units that measure radioactivity is that it is

A

used only for radiation protection purposes

133
Q

for a SMV, the ____ line should be parallel with the image receptor

A

IOML

134
Q

the lumbar spine has a normal curve that is ___ which is considered a __ curve

A

lordotic; secondary (compensatory)

135
Q

the average oxygen delivery rate via nasal cannula

A

1-6 L/min

136
Q

what is hypervolemia

A

excess fluid in the blood

137
Q

as image compression ratio increase :

A

image quality degrades

138
Q

increasing SID ___ spatial resolution

A

increases

139
Q

The HVL fora 90 kvp beam is ___ mm of AL

A

2.5

140
Q

the dimension from one side of a pixel to the other side of the same pixel is the measure of

A

pixel size

141
Q

a barium enema bag usually is hung no higher than ___ above the patients rectum

A

24”

142
Q

the live has a WT of

A

.05

143
Q

when a patient is in a 45 degree LAO position what lung is best displayed

A

right

144
Q

contrast resolution increases from an increase in

A

bit depth

145
Q

which is true

  • radiation causes an increase in the number of mature blood cells
  • most re blood cells are manufactured in the lymph nodes
  • higher radiation doses to bone marrow increase blood cell depletion
  • lymphocytes have the longest life span of all blood cell types
A

higher radiation doses to bone marrow increase blood cell depletion

146
Q

one of the fuctions of the stomach is to

A

break down food

147
Q

what transformer works based upon mutual induction

A

autotransformer

148
Q

the first __ ribs are called true ribs

A

7

149
Q

which are considered moderate reactions to iodinated CM

  • N/V
  • wheezing
  • pronounced skin reactions
A

2 and 3

150
Q

what characteristic xrays are useful for image production

A

k-shell

151
Q

the ___ the bit depth the greater the contrast resolution

A

higher

152
Q

a surgical opening in the trachea to provide a temporary or permanent artificial airway

A

tracheostomy

153
Q

which DQE measurement identifies an image receptor with the greatest efficiency

A

0.9

154
Q

the ability of a system to record detail

A

spatial resolution

155
Q

a technologist acquires an image without a primary beam restrictor and then repeats the image using the device . to maintain the exposure to the IR what must be modified

A

increase technique

156
Q

kVp is selected at the

A

autotransformer

157
Q

the fluoro feature that maintains the signal to noise ration is abbreviated as

A

AERC

158
Q

an increase in image magnification will result from increasing

A

OID

159
Q

adjusting your mood to a patients is considered

A

emotional intelligence

160
Q

the ___ is the portion fo the x-ray tube that possesses a negative charge and aligns the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode in the xray tube

A

focusing cup

161
Q

an increase in collimation in fluor decreases what two factors

A

integral dose

scatter production

162
Q

a detector used for direct capture in digital radiography is made of

A

amorphous selenium

163
Q

the unit measure for collective effective dose is

A

person-sievert

164
Q

what is the angle for a inlet projection

A

40 degree caudal

165
Q

the data contained in a digital image is ___ data

A

numerical

166
Q

beam quantity relates to

A

primary beam photon number

167
Q

a DAP meter does not use ___ to measure dose

A

distance

168
Q

PA axial of the mandibular rami, the ___ line should be perpendicular to the image receptor for accurate flexion

A

OML

169
Q

the exposure field size and image receptor size selected must be within __ of the SID

A

2%

170
Q

charge created in the amorphous silicon layer is collected at the

A

capacitor

171
Q

The joint commision and HFAP are organizations that

A

certify health care facilities in the US

172
Q

the minimum lead equivalent for a thyroid shield

A

.50 mm

173
Q

the _____ is the portion of the rotating anode xray tube that does not move

A

stator

174
Q

an impacted fracture of the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head

A

hill sachs lesion

175
Q

when an exposure is made using 69 kbp, ___ of the primary beam consists of characteristic xrays

A

0

176
Q

the ____ and the ___ form the zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine

A

superior articular process

inferior articular process

177
Q

projectile electrons are focused on the ___ for xray production to take place

A

actual focal spot

178
Q

bilateral acromioclavicular joints are done at what SID

A

72”

179
Q

True or False

the radiographer should insert the catheter tip into the patients stoma

A

false

180
Q

epistaxis is a medical term for

A

nosebleed

181
Q

another name for the calcaneus

A

os calcis

182
Q

the ___ foramina house the spinal cord

A

vertebral

183
Q

what will optimize patient exposure during a fluor procedure

A

minimizing distance between image intensifier and patient

184
Q

the outer layer of the input phosphor is used to

A

maintain a vacuum

185
Q

the central ray enterance point for a grashey is

A

2 in medial and 2 inc inferior to superolateral border of the scapula

186
Q

the decreased brightness along the periphery of an image that occurs when sing image intensified fluro is

A

vignetting

187
Q

the _____ is a collection of disc drives that perform together as a signle unit and improve reliability of data storage

A

redundant array of independent disks (RAID)

188
Q

base layer of a flat panel detector is made of

A

glass

189
Q

most superior portion of the stomach

A

fundus

190
Q

mA is selected at the

A

rheostat

191
Q

increasing SID ___ distortion

A

decreases

192
Q

contrast resolution of a CR/DR image is determined by the ___ of the system

A

bit depth

193
Q

to demonstrate the ZP joint of the thoracic vertebrae, a radiographer should place the patient in a ____ position

A

70 degree oblique

194
Q

beam quality relates to

A

penetrating power of the primary beam

195
Q

the radiographer can best control the production of scatter by

A

reducing field size

196
Q

what is likely to result in changes in teh DNA of circulating lymphocytes

A

cardiac catheterization

197
Q

all are located in the secondary xray circuit except

  • rectifier
  • anode
  • filaments
  • stators
A

filament

198
Q

the unit of measurement for absorbed dose is the

A

gray

199
Q

which urography exam demonstrates the physiologic function of the urinary system

A

intravenous urography

200
Q

the right kidney is place perpendicular to the image receptor in the ___ position

A

RPO

201
Q

____ are used to reduce the effect of scatter radiation

A

grids

202
Q

patient exposure can be reduced by using the highest

A

kvp

203
Q

assessing an image for visible differences between 2 selected areas of brightness mean that the radiographer is evaluating the images

A

contrast

204
Q

the total of ___ dots on the receptor is the proper number during a spinning top test of a single phase fully rectified generator at .10 seconds

A

12

205
Q

the AP oblique projection of the ribs with the patient in the RPO best shows the __ portion of the ribs

A

right axillary

206
Q

all are used to calculate cumulative air kerma except

  • kvp
  • focal spot size
  • mA
  • exposure time
A

focal spot size

207
Q

typical grid ratios found in fluoro units are

A

6:1 to 10:1

208
Q

the formula 2n represents

A

bit depth

209
Q

a patient is rotated ___ for contrast urography oblique positions

A

30 degrees

210
Q

inpatient billing, diagnostic report generation, imaging order entry and scheduling of all diagnostic service visits occur in the

A

HIS

211
Q

the femoral head articulates with the ___ of the hip bone

A

acetabulum

212
Q

when using magnification mode during fluoro exposure ____ and spatial resolution ___

A

increases

increases

213
Q

exposure of an embryo or fetus to radiation from ___ is most likely to result in a skeletal abnormality

A

3 weeks - 20 weeks

214
Q

the ____ tendon inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus

A

subscapularis

215
Q

the measurement of the half value layer of the beam is an assessment of

A

filtration

216
Q

____ doesnt affect x-ray attenuation

A

mA

217
Q

AP oblique images of the chest can be used when a patient is too ill for upright or prone positioning . when the patient is in a 45 RPO the ____ _____ is best displayed

A

right lung

218
Q

average lifespan of an erythrocyte is ___ days

A

120

219
Q

the central ray is angled ___ in a ___ direction for the ap axial projection (ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction

A

30 to 35 cephalad

220
Q

the total electrical charge generated by an x-ray beam per unit mass of air is called

A

exposure

221
Q

beam penetrability is affected by

A

filtration

222
Q

for the RAO during upper GI exam how much should the pt be rotated

A

40 to 70

223
Q

what is not a component of the ARRT standards

A

practice standards

224
Q

for the lateral projection of the orbit, the central ray is perpendicular to the image receptor and enters

A

at the outer canthas

225
Q

when performing the Rafert-Long method scaphoid series the radiographer positions the patients wrist in extreme ulnar deviation and acquires a series of ___ PA and PA axial images

A

4

226
Q

scatter production is affected by

A

filtration

227
Q

if an individual receives an acute, high dose of radiation to the forearm what is the correct order in which these occur

A

erythema, epilation, desquamation

228
Q

pt with a measurement of 18 cm what ankle for a knee

A

3-5 caudad

229
Q

____ dose is the sum of the individual doses received in a given period by a specific population from exposure to a specified source of radiation

A

collective effect

230
Q

leakage radiation is

A

monoenergetic

231
Q

a negative charge is applied to the ___ to minimize electrostatic repulsion

A

focusing cup

232
Q

The ICRP dose equivalent limit for the skin in ___ msv

A

500

233
Q

the ratio of a pixels total size to its actual collection area is known as the

A

fill factor

234
Q

the effective focal spot size is affected by the ___ angle

A

target

235
Q

for a lateral projections of the humerus, it is necessary to have the coronal plane passing through the humeral epicondyles aligned

A

perpendicular

236
Q

the ___ dose reponse model best represents the basis for radiation protection guidelines

A

linear, nonthreshold

237
Q

the portion of the light localizing collimator that reduces off-focus radiation striking the patient is the

A

shutter closest to the tube port

238
Q

the _____ risk model predicts that excess cancer deaths from irradiation will increase over time as teh naturally occurring risk increase with age in the nonirradiated

A

relative

239
Q

for conventional fluoro the light intensities must be converted by the ___ to be viewed on a tv monitor

A

CCD

240
Q

___ is the local processing function of renumbering pixel values for an entire image domain

A

windowing

241
Q

during a barium enema exam the enema tip should be inserted in the _____ direction initially and while the patient is ____

A

anterior

exhaling

242
Q

______ is a short term somatic effect of radiation exposure

A

skin erythema

243
Q

the concept used in barrier design that describes the total beam on time for a radiography room per week is

A

workload

244
Q

SID and focal spot size affect what

A

spatial resolution

245
Q

patient demographics and examination information are stored with a digital radiography image in the images what

A

metadata

246
Q

For an AP projection of the humerus, it is necessary to haev the coronal plane passing through the humeral epicondyles aligned ___ to the IR

A

parallel

247
Q

until a photostimulable phosphore plate (PSP) is processed, electrons freed upon irradiation are stored in the

A

conduction band

248
Q

the photomultipler tueb in a phosphor plate reader system converts ___ to ___

A

light to electrons

249
Q

increasing kvp from 60 to 68 will result in

A

increased quantity of bremsstrahlung photons

250
Q

the selection of a small focal spot size helps to

A

increase spatial resolution

251
Q

the greatest source of medial radiation exposure in the US is

A

CT

252
Q

blood vessels, the ureters, nerves, and lymphatic vessels enter and exit the kidney through the

A

hilum

253
Q

the advantage of the dose area product meter as a dose measuring device is

A

technologists do not have to place it into the field

254
Q

modern AEC sensors are of the ___ type

A

ionization chamber

255
Q

___ is the primary cause of decreased spatial resolution

A

patient motion

256
Q

The feature that maintains image quality at the lowest dose in fluoro is abbreviated

A

AERC

257
Q

for a lateral projection of the knee the patients leg is flexed how many degrees

A

20-30

258
Q

the neck of the femur is angled anteriorly from the femoral body by how many degrees

A

15-20

259
Q

a small bowel series on a patient with normal intestinal motility usually is completed in what time frame

A

2 hrs

260
Q

which type of urography involves a urologist catheterizing the ureters and instilling a water soluble iodinated contrast medium

A

retrograde urogrpahy

261
Q

how does an increase in kvp affect the kev of the characterisitc interaction

A

increaseing does not affect the kev interaction

262
Q

for optimum image of the right kidney during urogrpahy what position should a patient be in

A

LPO

263
Q

the need for ___ is at the top of maslows hierarchy of needs

A

self actualization

264
Q

the unit of measure for display monitor luminance is

A

Cd/m2

265
Q

all techniques and procedures designed to reduce occupational dose during fluoro except

  • intermittent activation of views
  • optimizing dose rates using AEC
  • remote controlled fluoro
  • high level control fluoro
A

high level control

266
Q

during a mobile exam the radiographer will receive the least amount of scatter radiation when standing at what angle to the pt

A

90

267
Q

a typical cervical vertebra will have a spinous process that

A

has a bifid tip

268
Q

the __ of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the heads of the ribs

A

bodies

269
Q

charges separate in amorphous silicon when

A

an electric field is applied to the array

270
Q

defecography is used to measure and study the

A

anorectal angle

271
Q

which cranial bone is also part of the orbit

A

ethmoid

272
Q

an acceptable image is produced using a set of exposure parameters. The image is repeated using the air gap technique what will not decrease

  • sharpness
  • receptor exposure
  • contrast
  • spatial resolution
A

contrast

273
Q

the fluro foot switch is a

A

positive pressure switch

274
Q

the tangentional projection or gaynor hart method of the wrist evaluates

A

carpal canal

275
Q

the average temporal artery temperature for a patient is

A

100 degrees

276
Q

the voltage ripple of a high-frequency genterator is

A

<1%

277
Q

GFR is not calculated by the results of

A

blood urea nitrogen

278
Q

kinetic energy transferred is best described as

A

air kerma

279
Q

there must be a ____ for current to flow

A

voltage

280
Q

the atlantoaxial joint between the dens of the axis and the anterior arch of the atlas is a ___ joint

A

pivot

281
Q

which will not affect the effective focal spot size

  • filament size
  • anode angle
  • target material
  • actual focal spot size
A

target material

282
Q

what lung is best visualized in an LPO projection

A

left lung

283
Q

for a given dose of radiation which radiation type wil yield the highest equivalent dose

A

alpha particles

284
Q

True of false

xrays have mass

A

false

285
Q

true of false

xrays are electrically neutral

A

true

286
Q

the min lead equivalent for lead gloves is

A

0.25mm

287
Q

___ scattering is another term for classical scattering

A

coherent

288
Q

what is a type of primary shieldign

A

collimation

289
Q

the central ray enters the ___ during an axial plantodorsal projection of the calcaneus

A

base of the third metatarsal

290
Q

the ____ detector consists of a thin-film transistor array

A

flat panel

291
Q

The formula Ei = Es + (Eb + EKE) is for calculating the energy of a scattered photon created during a(n) ________ scattering interaction

A

compton

292
Q

The kinetic energy deposited per unit mass of air from an x-ray beam is measured by:

A

air kerma

293
Q

While reviewing a posteroanterior (PA) chest radiograph of a 72-year-old male patient, the radiographer notices that the image does NOT show the right heart border because the right middle lobe is consolidated. This is described as the ________ sign.

A

silhouette

294
Q

Decreasing the kVp will ________ receptor exposure and ________ contrast.

A

decrease

increase

295
Q

The ________ generator component converts DC current to high-frequency AC

A

inverter

296
Q

________ is the MOST important factor in controlling size distortion

A

OID

297
Q

For a submentovertical projection of the zygomatic arches, the central ray is perpendicular to the infraorbitomeatal line (IOML) and enters the throat at

A

a level 1 inch posterior to the outer canthus

298
Q

The negative side of the x-ray tube is known as the:

A

cathode

299
Q

On a PA axial projection of the mandibular rami, the central ray is angled 20° in a _________ direction and should exit the ________.

A

cephalic; acanthion

300
Q

What type of contrast medium dissociates into 2 molecular particles in water?

A

ionic agents

301
Q

A(n) ________ is MOST helpful in demonstrating suspected vesicoureteral reflux.

A

voiding cystourethrogram

302
Q

The rotating anode target material that is responsible for helping to cool and conduct electrons through the x-ray circuitry is comprised of how many materials from the list below?

tungsten 
thorium 
rhenium 
molybdenum 
graphite
A

4

303
Q

The spatial resolution of a detector is controlled by the:

A

sampling frequency

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