Regional Standards for Phytosanitary Measures Flashcards by Miguel Longoria

absorbed dose

Quantity of radiating energy absorbed per unit of
mass of a specified target. [Note, for the purposes
of this Standard, the term dose is used to mean
absorbed dose and the unit of absorbed dose is the
APPPC RSPM 9 / page 4
gray (Gy) where 1 Gy is equivalent to the absorption
of 1 joule per kilogram]. [ISO 11137-1:2006]

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ASTM

Standards development organization originally
known as the American Society for Testing and
Materials but now known as “ASTM International”.

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calibration

Set of operations that establish, under specified
conditions, the relationship between values of
a quantity indicated by a measuring instrument or
measuring system, or values represented by
a material measure or a reference material, and the
corresponding values realized by standards. [ISO
11137-1:2006]

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commodity

A type of plant, plant product or other article being

moved for trade or other purpose. [ISPM 5]

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contamination

Presence, in a commodity, storage place, conveyance
or container, of pests or other regulated articles not
constituting an infestation. [ISPM 5]

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correction

Action to eliminate a detected non-conformity.
A correction can be made in conjunction with
a corrective action. [ISO 9000:2005]

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corrective action

Action to eliminate the cause of a non-conformity
or other undesirable situation. There can be more
than one cause of non-conformity. Corrective action
is taken to prevent recurrence whereas preventive
action is taken to prevent occurrence. (There is
a distinction between correction and corrective
action). [ISO 9000:2005]

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cross-contamination

Process where one product is contaminated directly
or indirectly by the exchange of contaminants from
another product and/or raw material.

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customer

Organization or person that requests the irradiation
treatment of a product to the irradiator operator
under specified requirements.

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dose

The term dose refers to absorbed dose.

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dose distribution

Spatial variation of absorbed dose throughout the
process load, integrated over a complete treatment.
The extreme values are the maximum dose (Dmax)
and the minimum dose (Dmin)

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dose mapping

Measurement of dose distribution and variability
in material irradiated under defined conditions.
[ISO 11137-1:2006]

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dose uniformity ratio

Ratio of the maximum absorbed dose to the
minimum absorbed dose (Dmax:Dmin) within
a process load

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dosimeter

Device having a reproducible, measurable response
to radiation, which can be used to measure the
absorbed dose in a given system. [ISO 11137-
1:2006]

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dosimetry

Measurement of absorbed dose by the use of

dosimeters. [ISO 11137-1:2006]

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dosimetry system

The procedures and interrelated elements used for
determining absorbed dose, including dosimeters,
instruments and associated reference standards.
[ISO 11137-3:2006]

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installation qualification (IQ)

Process of obtaining and documenting evidence that
equipment has been provided and installed in
accordance with its specification. [ISO 11137-1:
2006]

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irradiation

Treatment with any type of ionizing radiation.

[ISPM 5]

irradiation container

Holder in which product is transported through the
irradiator. The holder can be a carrier, cart, tray,
product carton, pallet, tote or other container.
[ISO 11137-1:2006]

irradiation facility

Establishment where the irradiation process is
performed. There are different types of irradiation
facilities depending on the irradiator type, the
radiation source, the conveyor system and the
operating mode. An irradiation facility consists of
an irradiator, shipping and receiving docks, storage
zones for irradiated and non-irradiated products,
conveyor system, safety systems and the
infrastructure for personnel and facility services
including record control.

irradiator

The assembly of equipment and its housing where
product is exposed to ionizing radiation. The
irradiator provides for safe and reliable radiation
processing and includes the source of radiation and
associated mechanisms together with the conveyor,
safety devices and biological shield.

irradiator operator

Organization or body responsible for irradiating the

product. [ISO 11137-1:2006]

ISPM

International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures.

[ISPM 5]

loading configuration

Defined arrangement of product (food) placed in or
on the irradiation container. Dose mapping is
carried out for a particular loading configuration
and this loading configuration is replicated to
ensure consistent irradiation of product. [Australian
Interstate Certification Assurance document on
Irradiation Treatment.]

NPPO

National Plant Protection Organization. [ISPM 5] Note: For the purposes of this standard activities designated for the NPPO may be performed by other organizations approved by the NPPO.

operational qualification (OQ)

Process of obtaining and documenting evidence that installed equipment operates within predetermined APPPC RSPM 9 / page 7 limits when used in accordance with its operational procedures. [ISO 11137-1:2006]

performance qualification (PQ)

Process of obtaining and documenting evidence that the equipment, as installed and operated in accordance with operational procedures, consistently performs in accordance with predetermined criteria and thereby yields product meeting its specification. [ISO 11137-1:2006]

phytosanitary measure

Any legislation, regulation or official procedure having the purpose to prevent the introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests, or to limit the economic impact of regulated non-quarantine pests. [ISPM 5]

preventive action

Action intended to eliminate the cause of a potential non-conformity or other undesirable potential situation. There can be more than one cause for a potential non-conformity. Preventive action is taken to prevent occurrence whereas corrective action is taken to prevent reoccurrence. [ISO 9000:2005]

process interruption

Intentional or unintentional stoppage that acts to prevent the irradiation process from proceeding continuously. [ISO 11137-1:2006]

process load

A volume of material with a specified loading | configuration and treated as a single entity. [ISPM 5]

process parameter

Specified value for a process variable. The specification for a process includes the process parameters and their tolerances. [ISO 11137-1:2006]

radiation-sensitive indicator

Material which may be affixed to, or printed on, the process load and which undergoes a visual change when exposed to ionizing radiation. These indicators do not provide a quantitative measure of dose and may not work or be unreliable at low APPPC RSPM 9 / page 8 doses (for example in the dose range employed for phytosanitary treatments). [Adapted from ISO/ASTM 51539:2005]

radiation source

Device that emits ionizing radiation.

radionuclide

Radioactive isotope of an element (e.g. cobalt-60 | or cesium-137).

requalification

Repetition of part of validation for the purpose of confirming the continued acceptability of a specified process. [ISO 11137-1:2006]

regulated pest

A quarantine pest or a regulated non-quarantine | pest. [ISPM 5]

re-infestation

The renewed presence, in a commodity, of a living pest of the plant or plant product concerned. Re-infestation includes re-infection.

Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS)

The WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures on how member governments apply food safety, animal and plant health measures.

specification

Approved document stipulating requirements. | [ISO 11137-1:2006]

treatment

Official procedure for the killing, inactivation or removal of pests, or for rendering pests infertile, or for devitalisation. [ISPM 5]

validation

Documented procedure for obtaining, recording and interpreting the results required to establish that a process will consistently yield product complying with predetermined specifications. [ISO 11137-1: 2006]

WTO

World Trade Organization