Regional Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 types of blocks are considered to be central blocks?

A

spinal, epidural, and caudal blocks

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2
Q

What is the site of action for central blocks?

A

the nerve root within the spinal cord

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3
Q

Where are the local anesthetics injected for a spinal block?

A

into the CSF

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4
Q

Where are the local anesthetics injected for an epidural block?

A

into the epidural space (at any level of the spinal column)

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5
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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6
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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7
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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8
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5 (fused)

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9
Q

What are 4 absolute contraindications to regional anesthesia?

A
  • patient refusal
  • sepsis or infection at injection site
  • coagulopathy or anticoagulation
  • elevated ICP or cerebral edema
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10
Q

What are a few relative contraindications to regional anesthesia?

A
  • patient appropriateness
  • local infection near injection site
  • hypovolemia
  • CNS disease
  • chronic back pain or prior laminectomy
  • prior SAB with difficulty
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11
Q

The spinal cord extends from the ______ ______ to ____.

A

foramen magnum to L1

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12
Q

The spinal canal extends from the ______ ______ to the ______ ______.

A

foramen magnum to the sacral hiatus

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13
Q

What part of the spinal cord continues past L1?

A

the cauda equina

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14
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves carry motor and sensory information?

A

31 pairs

cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), and coccygeal (1)

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15
Q

The dorsal root carries what type of nerve signals?

A

afferent

signals heading into the spinal cord and brain

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16
Q

The ventral root carries what types of nerve signals?

A

efferent

signals heading into the periphery

17
Q

The sympathetic nerves originate where?

A

the thoracic and lumbar spine

18
Q

The parasympathetic nerves originate where?

A

the cranial nerves and the sacral spine

19
Q

Spinal anesthesia interrupts ______, ______, and _______ nervous system innervation.

A

sensory, motor, and sympathetic

20
Q

If T6 is the target sensory blockade level, then usually two dermatomes up (T4) would be the ______ blockade level, and usually two dermatomes down (T8) would be the _____ blockade level.

A

T4 - sympathetic

T6 - sensory

T8 - motor

21
Q

What two anatomic landmarks assist in identifying the location of L4?

A

spinous processes and the iliac crests