Regional Anaesthesia

Question 1

Layers penetrated by needle in spinal

Answer 1

Skin and subcut tissue
Ligaments: supra and interspinous
Ligamentum flavum
Epidural space
Dura mater
CSF

Question 2

Factors affecting height of spinal block

MAJOR

Answer 2

baricity of solution

Question 3

Absolute contraindications to spinal

Answer 3

Patient refusal
Local infectin at site
Coagulopathy (platelets  1.5)
Severe hypovolaemia
Increased ICP
Fixed CO states: severe AS/MS/HOCM
Allergy to LA
Allerg

Question 4

Advantages of spinal

Answer 4

Pre-emptive analgesia
Post-op analgesia
Less physiologic derangements
Rapid post-op recovery
No airway instrumentation and complications associated with it
No GA and associated complication
Less DVT risk
Less

Question 5

Complications of spinal

Answer 5

Hypotension
High spinal
Post-dural puncture headache
Meningitis and epidrual abscess
Epidurlal haematoma
Neurological sequelae

Pruritis *opiates
Urinary retention
Shivering

Question 6

Indications for regional anaesthesia

Answer 6

Surgical anaesthesia alone
Supplement to and in conjunction with GA
Postop pain control
Acute/chrpnic pain management