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regenerative medicine Flashcards

1
Q

it is a branch of what research

A

translational research in cell and tissue engineering and molecular biology

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2
Q

deals with the process of

A

replacing
engeneering
regenirating
human cells, tissue or organs to restore or establish normal function

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3
Q

holds promise for what

A

engineering damaged tissues and organs by stimulating the body’s own repair mechanisms to functionally heal previously irreparable tissues or organs

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4
Q

Translational Medicine asan interdisciplinary branch of the biomedical field supported by three main pillars

A

Bench-side,
Bedside,
Community
referring to the triad of laboratory discoveries, clinical application and their interaction with/effect on patients and the population.

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5
Q

define translational medicine

A

A field of biomedical research and practice that focuses on bridging the gap between laboratory research (basic science) and clinical practice (patient care)

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6
Q

goal of translational medicine

A

to accelerate the application of scientific discoveries into real-world medical treatments and improve patient outcomes.

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7
Q

aim of translational medicine

A

translate basic research findings into practical therapies, diagnostics, and preventive strategies

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8
Q

how does translational medicine aim to combat disease on global scale

A

Bench to bedside, clinical trials, Interdisciplinary collaboration, personalized medicine

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9
Q

regenerative medicine includes

A

Growing tissues and organs in the lab, modifying them, training them, and reintroducing them back into the patient

via
stem cell therapy and
CAR T-cell therapy

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10
Q

If the regenerated organ would be derived from the patient’s own tissue or cells, this would potentially solve the problem of what

A

organ shortage donation available
organ transplant rejection

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11
Q

steots in tissue to organ

A

biopsy
prolifferation
on chip processingg
scaffolding
isolation
differentiation
transplantation

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12
Q

antiaging medicine as a form of regenerative medicine

A

HA
PRP
hormone therapies
diety and supplements
convascent plasma covid

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13
Q

HA name and function

A

Hyaluronic acid
naturally occuring play role in skin hydration and tissue repair

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14
Q

HA is used in

A

dermal fillers and for joint fluid supplementation in artheritis

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15
Q

HA function and process

A

tissue regeneration and wound healing by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting scar formation.

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16
Q

PRP name and what it is

A

platlete rich plasma- vampire facial
patient’s own blood components to stimulate skin rejuvenation. It fits into regenerative medicine by restoring and enhancing the body’s natural repair processes

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17
Q

Hormone therapies

A

antiaging and estrogen
maintain hormonal balance as part of regenerative strategies

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18
Q

diets and supplements

A

support antiaging efforts
overall wellness and health
regeneration

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19
Q

Convalescent Plasma in COVID-

A

lasma therapy from recovered COVID-19 patients was explored as a treatment to boost the immune system and support recovery in infected individuals.

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20
Q

what is HA and what is it composed of

A

linear polysaccharide
repeating disaccharide units of
D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

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21
Q

What is the main role of hyaluronic acid in the body, and how is it used in regenerative medicine?

A

aintaining skin hydration, elasticity, and tissue structure. It is a primary component of the extracellular matrix in tissues such as skin, cartilage, and joints. HA has the ability to retain water, making it essential for keeping tissues hydrated. In regenerative medicine, HA is used for joint fluid supplementation in patients with arthritis, dermal fillers in aesthetic treatments to restore skin volume and reduce wrinkles, and as hydrogels to support wound healing by promoting cell migration, tissue re

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22
Q

HA is a primary component of what

A

Extracellular matrix

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23
Q

HA is a —- molecule

A

endogenous

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24
Q

HA is important structural element in

A

skin

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25
HA is present in high concentrations in the
synovial joint fluids, vitreous humor of the eyes, hyaline cartilage, intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus, and umbilical cord and connective tissues
26
HA is used in what mediccal conditions
supplementation of impaired synovial fluid in arthritic patients; in aesthetic medicine such as dermal fillers; and in soft tissue surgery such as vocal fold augmentation; as scaffold for tissue regenerative applications; Hydrogels (wound dressings, drug delivery systems, etc.)
27
HA rich wound matrix facilitates what
wound repair
28
Degraded/free HA released into the wound promotes
cell proliferation, cell migration and angiogenesis
29
HA inhibits
scar formation
30
utility of HA in
tissue repair and regeneration
31
HA for bone regeneration
HA-based hydrogels and scaffolds: biomaterials such as hydrogels or scaffolds scaffolds act as a matrix where cells can grow and form new bone tissue. HA provides a favorable environment that mimics the natural extracellular matrix, supporting the attachment and growth of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells). Biocompatibility and Biodegradability: HA is biocompatible and biodegradable, meaning it can be safely absorbed by the body over time. It can be combined with other materials like calcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite (which are bone-like minerals) to form a hybrid scaffold that provides structural support and encourages new bone formation. 2, Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation: 3. infectable HA for bone healing 4. HA is bone grafting
32
HA in profilleration and differentiation
Promotes Osteogenesis: HA enhances the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts. These MSCs are crucial for bone repair, and the presence of HA stimulates their ability to form new bone tissue. Angiogenesis: HA helps in promoting angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) within the bone defect site, which is important for providing oxygen and nutrients to the regenerating bone tissue.
33
HA injectable gels bone healing
HA can be used as an injectable material to fill bone defects. These gels can be combined with bone growth factors and stem cells to enhance bone healing. Injectable forms of HA are minimally invasive and can be particularly useful in small or difficult-to-reach bone defects.
34
HA in bone grafting
HA can be used as an additive to enhance the effectiveness of the graft material. It can improve the integration of the graft with the surrounding bone by promoting cell proliferation and the synthesis of new extracellular matrix components, leading to more effective bone regeneration.
35
HA antiinflam and wound healing
which can help reduce inflammation in bone defect areas, creating a better environment for bone healing. Its involvement in wound healing processes, such as promoting fibroblast activity and collagen production, also indirectly supports bone defect repair by stabilizing the surrounding tissue and enhancing recovery.
36
How does convalescent plasma therapy work, and why was it explored during the COVID-19 pandemic?
: Convalescent plasma therapy involves transfusing plasma from a recovered COVID-19 patient into a critically ill patient. The plasma contains antibodies that can help neutralize the virus, boost the immune response, and potentially speed up recovery. It was explored during the COVID-19 pandemic as a passive immunotherapy option for patients who were struggling to fight the virus on their own. The therapy aimed to provide immediate, temporary immunity to help the body combat the infection more effectively.
37
Convalescent Plasma can produce what
produce hyperimmune immunoglobulin (antibody) solution
38
Covalescent plasma covid 19 process
blood collection- from recovered patient plasma isolation- anti sars cov 2 antibodies viral load inactivation- inactivated covalescent plasma dor transfusion plasma transfusion- patient
39
What is the primary aim of the SANBS convalescent plasma clinical trial?
determine whether convalescent plasma is a safe and effective treatment for COVID-19 patients and to inform future decisions regarding its wider availability.
40
Why is there a need for a clinical trial on convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment?
here is not enough scientific evidence to prove whether convalescent plasma is a safe and effective treatment for COVID-19, making a clinical trial necessary to gather relevant data.
41
hat broader impact could the SANBS clinical trial have beyond South Africa?
he trial could contribute to global research efforts by providing valuable information on the use of convalescent plasma, potentially benefiting patients worldwide.
42
What role does convalescent plasma play in treating COVID-19, and why is research needed?
onvalescent plasma contains antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients, which may help current patients fight the virus. However, research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness in treating the virus.
43
PRP facials must use
Healthy Person’s Blood to Extract and Use Platelets
44
PRP facials basis for regeneration
plasma and plateletts
45
what can impair the PRP proceedure
Systemic inflammation Smoking
46
pathways activated in the PRP
TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-Beta) Pathway: PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor) Pathway: VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) Pathway: EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) Pathway:
47
TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-Beta) Pathway:
long term healing bone regeneration and modelling regulation of inflamatory process Promotes collagen production and tissue repai
48
EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) Pathway:
cell growth prolifferation differentiation skin cell generation and wound healing
49
PDGF
angiogenisis mitogenisis macrophage activation fibroblast activity and angiogenisis
50
VEGF
angiogenisis vasculogenisis blood vessel formation and oxygenation
51
Define estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and its primary purpose.
Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is a medical treatment that involves the administration of estrogen hormones to alleviate symptoms associated with hormone deficiency, particularly during menopause or following the surgical removal of ovaries. Its primary purpose is to improve the quality of life by relieving symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal drynes
52
Distinguish between estrogen replacement therapy and regenerative medicine.
Estrogen replacement therapy differs from regenerative medicine in that ERT focuses on symptom management rather than restoring or replacing damaged tissues or organs. Regenerative medicine aims to heal or regenerate tissues and organs, while ERT supplements hormones to alleviate deficiencies without directly repairing tissue.
53
xplain how ERT can be beneficial for dysfunctional tissues or organs.
RT can support the function of estrogen-sensitive tissues and organs adversely affected by hormone deficiency. For example, it can improve the elasticity and health of vaginal tissue, enhance bone density, and support cardiovascular health, thereby promoting overall tissue function.
54
What is hypercoagulation, and why is it a concern with estrogen replacement therapy?
Hypercoagulation is a condition characterized by an increased tendency of the blood to clot. It is a concern with estrogen replacement therapy because ERT can enhance clotting factors and increase the risk of thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis and strokes.
55
Describe the mechanism through which thromboembolic strokes occur in patients on ERT.
Thromboembolic strokes occur when a blood clot forms in another part of the body (often in the veins) and travels to the brain, blocking blood flow. In patients on ERT, elevated estrogen levels can promote hypercoagulation, leading to increased clot formation, which may eventually cause a thromboembolic stroke.
56
Identify the role of red blood cells in the context of hypercoagulation associated with ERT.
An increase in red blood cell mass can occur due to estrogen therapy, leading to thicker blood (increased blood viscosity). This thicker blood can contribute to a higher risk of clot formation and thromboembolic events in patients undergoing ERT.
57
What role do fibrin and platelet activation play in the hypercoagulation risk?
brin is a protein that is crucial for blood clot formation. Elevated levels of fibrin due to estrogen therapy can promote excessive clotting. Additionally, estrogen can enhance platelet activation, leading to increased platelet aggregation. Both factors contribute to a heightened risk of hypercoagulation and thromboembolic events.
58
name 4 things regenerative medicine includes
tissue eng stem cell biology clinical genetics biologic tissue engineering and transplantation
59
what could regenerative medicine include
microbiome alterations - diet and lifestyle habits - pre and probiotic supplement4 - fecal microbiota transplantation
60
regenerative medicine does not include
prostetic replacement conventional therapy traditional surgival intervention

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