Regeneration case studies

Question 1

what makes the sanfrancisco bay area a successful place

Answer 1

• The population in 1990 was 1.5 million, growing to 1.9 million by 2015
• Though roughly the same size as Kent (the county in the UK), it has an annual GDP of $180 billion (similar to the Czech Republic)
• An average detached house in Santa Clara costs over US $1 million
• The average household income in 2014 was $89,000

Question 2

what is santa clara county

Answer 2

This is in the San Francisco Bay area of California, USA
It is the original ‘Silicon Valley’ and host the headquarters of Apple, Hewlett-Packard, Adobe and eBay in the cities of Cupertino, Palo Alto and San Jose.

Question 3

how ethnically diverse is the sanfrancisco bay area

Answer 3

very
- In 2014, 198,000 immigrants gained residency or permission to work long term in California, more than any other US state and about 20% of the total for the USA>

Question 4

what is the rust belt USA

Answer 4

The once-powerful manufacturing region that stretched from the Great Lakes to the Midwest, famous for steel and car production. It fell into decline following automation, global shift and increased free trade.

Question 5

what are some indicators that the rust belt is a less successful place

Answer 5

a huge drop of over 50% in population
The average household income was about $25,000 in 2015, half the national average and more than $60,000 lower than in Santa Clara County
By 2014, two-third of Detroit’s residents could not afford basic needs like food and fuel and the poverty rate was 38%
Life expectancy in parts of Detroit is just 69 years, and less than 30% of students graduate from high school
In 2014 Detroit had the second highest murder rate of any US city
Average house prices in Detroit are about $40,000
Detroit has severe shortages of public sector workers (teachers, nurses) because most have simply moved away to better places.
Santa Clara has shortages of skilled workers, because living costs (house prices and commuting costs) are so high
Demand is so low in Detroit that huge areas of the city are simply abandoned.

Question 6

what place is becoming a ‘mini us rust belt’ in the uk and why

Answer 6

Teeside
declining steel industry

Question 7

what is ethnicity like in detroit and why is it like this

Answer 7

dominated by black african americans
because they are the lowest income group left behind when other groups - generally more skilled and better educated - have migrated from Detroit as it has declined

Question 8

what are some IMD stats about Luton

Answer 8

in 2019 was ranked 70th most deprived out of 317 local authorities
Luton’s highest deprivation rankings are in ; the Barriers to Housing and Services (25th),
income deprivation affecting older people (43rd) crime (58th) indicators,
with the highest (least deprived) ranking in the Living Environment (120nd)

Question 9

what are some signs that luton is becoming LESS deprived

Answer 9

• , in 2015 Luton was ranked the 59th most deprived area from 326 local authorities. (now 70th)
• the proportion of areas in Luton in the top 10 per cent most deprived parts of the country has
  fallen with Luton having four output areas in the top ten per cent most deprived. These are in
  Northwell, South and two in Farley. Previously Luton had nine areas in the top ten per cent

Question 10

what are some IMD stats about harpenden

Answer 10

• this area was ranked 32,612 out of 32,844 in England, where 1 was the most deprived and 32,844 the least.
• overall 99% better than other areas in the UK
• lowest is barriers to services only 43% better than the rest of the UK

Question 11

how has enabling foreign investment into london the real estate market helped fuel regeneration

Answer 11

• increased revenues to be gained from building or renovating high end houses and flats

Question 12

what and where is the cambridge science park

Answer 12

• one of the first and largest science parks in the UK
• closely linked to the university
• grew rapidly in the 1990s when life sciences began to flourish globally

Question 13

what shows how successful the cambridge science park is

Answer 13

• expansion in the early 2000s has attracted many foreign TNCs such as astrazeneca
• life science now the third largest UK growth sector economically

Question 14

what was the reason for the olympic park

Answer 14

• was the location of the 2012 olympic and paralympic games , was previously a deprived area of London
• plan was always to regenerate this area as a legacy of the games

Question 15

How was the olympic park regenerated

Answer 15

• venues such as the olympic stadiu, velodrome and aquatic centre were turned into public sports facilities
• many leisure activities like gyms, sports fields, playgrounds and cafes
• athletes village converted into 2800 flats and apartments
• westfield shopping centre has been extended since opening in 2011 and is europes largest shopping centre

Question 16

how has olympic park regeneration been successful

Answer 16

• communication and accessibility - improved rail transport have integrated the area much more successfully into londons transport system- making it easier to live in the area and commute to the city
• employment- new jobs in construction and tourism have creates a multiplier effect

Question 17

what are some tensions over the olympic park regeneration

Answer 17

• original plans promised as much as 50% of the new housing in the area was going to be affordable- local government wanted more of the expensive houses as they would improve local government budgets - local residents complain that increasing prices make the area unaffordable

Question 18

what was the powys , wales , regeneration strategy designed to do

Answer 18

• encourage private partners
• work with local groups to help them find their own strategies to regenerate their own communities
• try to create multiplier effects from council spending - for example buying what the council needs from local suppliers
• improve broadband connectivity

Question 19

what is the powys whole town strategy

Answer 19

• the council doesnt have enough money to make improvements to powys’s towns so its strategy relies on a lot of input from stakeholders

Question 20

how will the powys whole town strategy work

Answer 20

• council will share info about different regen strats
• stakeholders in each town then work together to develop a plan
• key idea being each town should develop a niche (gives distinctive identity)
• council will support this by providing training for stakeholders and by reducing ‘clutter’ of street furniture

Question 21

what are some things that have been done to regenerate and rebrand liverpool

Answer 21

heritage - made historic Albert docks into many shops - merseyside waterfront became UNESCO world heritage site
Culture and arts - tate art gallery in 1988 and the beatles museum in 1990 . Liverpool Speke airport renamed the liverpool john lennon airport . in 2008 was voted European capital of culture - 4 billion in investment into arts and infrastructure
Leisure - 2008- regenerated into Liverpool one - 900 million shopping and leisure hub
Living - princes dock regenerated - Liverpool Waters: 65 km long, £75 billion growth project
technology - Science Park (2006) and Life Science Centre (2013) partnered with Liverpool John Moores University

Question 22

what is bronte village in north yorkshire

Answer 22

• name given to a rural area in the pennines that is linked to the 19th century writing family of the brontes

Question 23

what are some examples of rebranding and regeneration in bronte country

Answer 23

• many bronte themed attractions like the bronte parsonage museum
• farms in area have diversified from farming to offering accomodation and leisure for tourists
• students come to workshops to learn about jane eyre
• novelists can come to workshops to learn about writing historical fiction
• area has strong associations with fairtrade and the fair trade way links fairtrade villages taking visitors through the countryside and historical sites that appear in the bronte sisters books

Question 24

what is the titanic quarter urban regeneration strategy in belfast

Answer 24

• mixes historic maritime landmarks such as cranes used in ship building with post modern architecture
• where the titanic was built - belfast is famous for its ship building

Question 25

what are some examples of the regeneration and rebranding in the titanic quarter

Answer 25

• cranes once used for ship buildings still in use for building wind turbines
• old paint hall is a film studio for games of thrones
• the titanic visitor centre had 1 mil visitors in first year of opening , 70% outside of northern island most had come specifically
• has succeeded in attracting investment from companies like Audi and Premier inn
• 893 jobs and 105 mil resulted from the regen

Question 26

what were the strategies used in the regeneration of the Salford Quays

Answer 26

• about 90 hecatares of former industrial land were developed by Salford City Council and private investors
• 2000: the Lowry theatre and gallery opened
• 2001: the Imperial War Museum north opened
• Developed by the property company Peel - - - ——- media city UK - Holdings and housing the BBC and ITV Granada among other media businesses

Question 27

what were some issues with regeneration in the Salford Quays

Answer 27

• the Dock Office, 50% were sold to local people but 25% to Chinese investor and 25% to UK residents living overseas
• only 24 of the 680 new jobs at the BBC in Salford had gone to local people.
• local historians and local people were upset when two iconic industrial quayside cranes were demolished - one of the last icons of Salford’s past importance as an inland port.
• not actually called salford quays - the historical name is Salford Docklands - but this sounded too industrial when regeneration began in the 1980s.

Question 28

what were some different attitudes from stakeholders in the regeneration of Salford quays

Answer 28

• local council - External image is important to attract investment, so landmark buildings and interesting architecture are important, but so are reduced deprivation levels
• local residents - Better housing, community facilities and job opportunities plus an improved environment. Hard-to-measure factors such as ‘community spirit’ may be important.
• property developers -Motivated by profit, so will maximise sales values and rental values.
• image important to attract investors

Question 29

what is an example of rural regneration

Answer 29

North Antrim coast - world famous for the giants causeway and for its filming of game of thrones

Question 30

why did the Antrim coast need regeneration

Answer 30

• educational acheivement , employment and income are lower than average for Northern Ireland

Question 31

what were some regeneration strategies used at the North Antrim coast

Answer 31

• 55,000 to support 100 farming families as they diversify into activity based tourism
• enhance local tourism amenities - signage, picnic areas, parking
• new activity based tourism - walking , cycling , water based activities
• regional food tourism inititative e.g menu of moyle
• giants causeway visitors centre opened in 2013 - 1 million tourists a year - 30% increase - 150 jobs for local people
• village renewal for 5000 villages

Question 32

what do different stakeholders at the Antrim coast consider successful

Answer 32

national trust - increased visitor numbers and visitor satisfaction
- moyle district council - more employment increased tax revenues
- local farmers- no disruption to farming
- translink ( public transport) - increased demand fro their services
- local hotels and restaurants - more customers throughout the year