Regenerating Places: Case Studies Flashcards
Hebden Bridge: Economic Challanges
- Decline in textile manufacturing industry.
- Dependence on tourism and retail sectors.
- Limited job opportunities in higher-paying industries.
- Currently faces gentrification, high house prices
Hebden Bridge: Regeneration Strategies
Cultural Regeneration:
- Independent shops and cafes revitalized the economy.
- Annual events, such as the Arts Festival, attract visitors.
Flood Prevention:
- Investment of £41 million in flood defenses
Green Initiatives:
- Focus on renewable energy projects and eco-tourism.
- Population of around 4500 people
Canary Wharf: Challenges before regeneration
- Decline of London Docklands due to containerization in the 1950s.
- 60% unemployment in the area.
- Derelict warehouses and poor infrastructure.
Canary Wharf: Regeneration Strategies
Transport Improvements:
- Jubilee Line extension and Docklands Light Railway (DLR).
- City Airport opened in 1987, enhancing connectivity.
Economic Development:
- Investment of £1.8 billion by private developers.
- Home to over 105,000 jobs, mainly in finance and law.
Environmental Improvements:
- Creation of green spaces like Jubilee Park.
HS2
- Reducing journey times from London to Birmingham
- Initially was going to connect Manchester and London reducing North and South divide
- Predicted to cost £42.6 billion for the whole route, actual cost of £56 billion just to Birmingham
- Has impacted a total of 108 ancient woolands
- Trains will travel up to 225mph, reducing the time by 32 mins
Heathrow Expansion
- Said to boost the UKs economy by up to £61bn
- Government officials say its vital for increasing UK trade links
- Could increase carbon emissions and affect over 700 housing including the whole village of Sipson
- Huge amount of the Green Belt will be lost
- Increased number of noise and air pollution affecting a greater number of people
Why is Sydney successful?
- Social - Young median age at 36; Average salary is £40,000; 10th for quality of life
- Economic - 2013 GRP $337 billion; 40/42 foreign banks have head quarters in Sydney; over 45 business based in Sydney
- Sydney has overseas owned banks and TNCS making it the leading financial centre for the Asia Pacific Region
- Employment rates are very high with above average incomes
- Sydney attracts so many businesses partly for its beaches, environment and climate. Its time zone also allows for international trading with places such as the USA and Europe
Cornwall: Regeneration Strategies
Its decline
- Mainly primary sector jobs including farming, tin and copper mining
- Is remote from the rest of the UK, journey times are long and expensive
Newquay Aerohub
- Became enterprise zone, to move economy away from tourism
- Aimed to attract investment for aviation and aerospace
- Hoped to create 700 new jobs but only 450 jobs
Cornwall: Rural Regeneration + Eden Project
- Food specialism and farm diversification
- Large gardens/ houses e.g. Eden Project
- Outdoor pursuits
Eden Project: - created over 400 direct jobs,
- supported local businesses,
- contributed approximately £1 billion to the local economy
- Initial cost 140 million
- Raised awareness on environmental issues
Glasgow: Regeneration Strategies
Before the glow-up
- Had high unemployment, 16.9% unemployed
- Closure of industry, ship building
- High crime rate, “murder capital of Europe”, lead to depopulation and dereliction
Strategies used:
- Changing the city’s image through flagship development
- Pushing Gasgow’s cultural infrastructure
- Rebranding it as an international centre
- Lit up monuments, became 24 hour city
Glasgow: After Regeneration
Successes:
- unemployment dropped from 16.9% to 5.3%, still above national average
- most popular region visited by foreign visitors
- Attracted big companies e.g. Barcalays, UEFA cup final
- held the commonwealth games, contributed £740 million + generated 2100 jobs
- Currently growing its quaternary sector
Problems it still has
- high levels of inequality
- highest deprivation in the UK
- some areas still have a high level of crime
Rust Belt:
London Olympics: Failures
Economic
- Total costs exceeded £9 billion, significantly over budget.
- Long-term benefits for local businesses have been uneven
Social
- Displacement of low-income residents due to gentrification.
- Some affordable housing targets were not met.
Environmental
- Significant carbon emissions during construction.
- Long-term maintenance of green spaces has been costly.
Copenhagen: Green Infrastructure
Successes
- Reduced carbon emissions by 42% since 2005
- over 60% of residents commuite by bike
- integrated green spaces improved biodiversity
Failures
- High costs associated with implementing green projects
- Some initiatives have faces delays
- Challenges in balancing urban development with green space predervation
Rust Belt: Economic Decline
- Deindustrialisation caused high unemployment rates
- Depressed poverty vlaues and reduced tax revenues
- Limited economic diversification
Regeneration Efforts: - Investment in technology and education sectors
- Adaptive reuse of industrual spaces, tech huibs
- Federal and state funding for infrastructure improvements
