Regenerating Places

Question 1

What are ‘area based initiatives’?

Answer 1

Projects that aim to improve selected people or places within an area e.g. educational attainment

Question 2

Define ‘baseline data’

Answer 2

Information used as the starting point to compare to.

Question 3

Define ‘ bottom-up’

Answer 3

Projects that are planned and controlled by local communities to help their local area.

Question 4

Define ‘brain drain’

Answer 4

The emigration of highly trained or qualified people from an area

Question 5

Define ‘ brownfield site’

Answer 5

Any land previously developed but not currently in use/is abandonded

Question 6

Define ‘catalyst’

Answer 6

Something that speeds significant change or action

Question 7

Define ‘commuter village’

Answer 7

A village located in or beyond the urban-rural fringe, many of the inhabitants commute to work in surrounding towns e.g. Chorleywood in Hertfordshire

Question 8

Define ‘cost benefit analysis’

Answer 8

A decision making process in which you compare sacrifices and benefits

Question 9

Define ‘cumulative causation’

Answer 9

The unfolding of events connected with a change in the economy, as a consequence of the multiplier effect.

Question 10

Define ‘ cyberboosterism’

Answer 10

Using the internet to market a destination globally

Question 11

Define ‘deindustrialisation’

Answer 11

The decline in the importance of industrial activity

Question 12

Define ‘demographic characteristics’

Answer 12

Trends in population such as age, ethnicity and migration as well as trends in unemployment and level of inequality and deprivation.

Question 13

Define ‘ depopulation’

Answer 13

When an area starts to lose its population

Question 14

Define ‘deregulation’

Answer 14

The lifting of government restrictions on business sectors, facilitating a large rise in investment

Question 15

Define ‘ drosscape’

Answer 15

Areas of land that are dirty, unsafe and full of derelict buildings etc.

Question 16

Define ‘ enclave’

Answer 16

An area inhabited by a group of people sharing a characteristic e.g. ethnicity

Question 17

Define ‘enterprise zone’

Answer 17

Area that attract businesses and encourage economic growth by providing tax breaks and looser planning restrictions.

Question 18

Define ‘flagship’

Answer 18

A large scale high profile, often high cost, development e.g. London Olympic park in Salford Quays

Question 19

Define ‘footloose’

Answer 19

Businesses which are not tied to deliveries of raw/exported goods so can be located anywhere.

Question 20

Define ‘function’

Answer 20

The role a settlement plays for its community and surroundings. These may grow, disappear and change over time. 4 key functions are industrial, administrative, commercial and residential.

Question 21

Define ‘gated communities’

Answer 21

Fenced in neighbourhoods with controlled access gates for people and cars. E.g. Macquarie Links Estate in Sydney

Question 22

Define ‘gentrification’

Answer 22

When an area is redeveloped and attracts richer people, often displacing poorer tenants.

Question 23

Define ‘grassroots’

Answer 23

Small scale, low cost initiatives, often community based aka bottom-up e.g. Squash in Toxteth

Question 24

Define ‘gross value added’

Answer 24

The measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area.

Question 25

Define ‘index of multiple deprivation’

Answer 25

A government measure of how deprived areas are, based on economic, social and environmental factors.

Question 26

Define ‘inequality’

Answer 26

The idea that different people/communities experience different standards of living.

Question 27

Define ‘intergenerational cycle’

Answer 27

A pattern of poverty that is passed through generations.

Question 28

Define ‘knowledge economy’

Answer 28

Jobs based on knowledge incentive activities like scientific research and technology

Question 29

Define ‘legacy’

Answer 29

The longer term effects of regeneration schemes

Question 30

Define ‘lived experience’

Answer 30

How the actual experience of living in a place can impact peoples, perceptions, beliefs and values

Question 31

Define ‘mechanisation’

Answer 31

The automation of tasks/jobs so that humans no longer have to do a job or run the machine used

Question 32

Define ‘positive and negative multiplier effect’

Answer 32

Negative = the negative knock on effects of an action or change
Positive = the positive knock on effects of an action or change

Question 33

Define ‘NIMBYism’

Answer 33

‘Not in my back yard;
The opposition of residents to new developments close to them e.g. tall buildings or wind turbines

Question 34

Define ‘north-south divide’

Answer 34

The concept of a social, economic and cultural gap between the North and South of the UK

Question 35

Define ‘Northern Powerhouse’

Answer 35

A government policy to increase economic power and significance of Northern cities.
Introduced by the coalition government in 2014

Question 36

Define

Question 37

Why might urban areas need regenerating?

Answer 37

• Poor social development (high % of people with poor health and education)
• Poor economic development (high unemployment rates or people in low skilled work)
• Deindustrialisation (loss of jobs due to global shift)
• Loss of retail and office space due to technology and high rent prices
• Drosscape
• Increasing cost of upkeep

Question 38

Why might coastal areas need regenerating?

Answer 38

• Decline in traditional fishing industry
• Low cost package holidays to foreign countries so less tourism to local costal areas
• Lack of employment due to low education this can lead to higher crime rates
• Seasonal economy
• Peripheral geography so remote and hard to access

Question 39

Why might rural areas need regenerating?

Answer 39

• Poor image (may be seen as backwards, unwelcoming or boring)
• Lack of affordable housing due to second homes inflating house prices
• Disappearance of rural services (like buses and post offices)
• Depopulation as young people move out due to lack of opportunities
• Mechanisation leads to agricultural change and loss of jobs
• Post-productionism means there is a focus on sustainable agriculture instead of maximum yields

Question 40

In what ways do places vary?

Answer 40

• Physical landscapes with factors like geology, climate or whether a place is coastal or inland
• Human landscapes with factors like population characteristics, income and opportunities
• Economic past can lead to a legacy of historical buildings
• Religious past can lead to a legacy of places of worship
• Local culture with factors like language, food, sports etc
• Media portrayal
• Dynamism (the rate at which they change)

Question 41

How are economies classified?

Answer 41

• By sector: Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors
• Types of workers: employee’s with contracts, self employed, agency staff, seasonal/temporary, zero hour contracts

Question 42

What is the clark-fisher model?