Regenerating Places Flashcards
What are ‘area based initiatives’?
Projects that aim to improve selected people or places within an area e.g. educational attainment
Define ‘baseline data’
Information used as the starting point to compare to.
Define ‘ bottom-up’
Projects that are planned and controlled by local communities to help their local area.
Define ‘brain drain’
The emigration of highly trained or qualified people from an area
Define ‘ brownfield site’
Any land previously developed but not currently in use/is abandonded
Define ‘catalyst’
Something that speeds significant change or action
Define ‘commuter village’
A village located in or beyond the urban-rural fringe, many of the inhabitants commute to work in surrounding towns e.g. Chorleywood in Hertfordshire
Define ‘cost benefit analysis’
A decision making process in which you compare sacrifices and benefits
Define ‘cumulative causation’
The unfolding of events connected with a change in the economy, as a consequence of the multiplier effect.
Define ‘ cyberboosterism’
Using the internet to market a destination globally
Define ‘deindustrialisation’
The decline in the importance of industrial activity
Define ‘demographic characteristics’
Trends in population such as age, ethnicity and migration as well as trends in unemployment and level of inequality and deprivation.
Define ‘ depopulation’
When an area starts to lose its population
Define ‘deregulation’
The lifting of government restrictions on business sectors, facilitating a large rise in investment
Define ‘ drosscape’
Areas of land that are dirty, unsafe and full of derelict buildings etc.
Define ‘ enclave’
An area inhabited by a group of people sharing a characteristic e.g. ethnicity
Define ‘enterprise zone’
Area that attract businesses and encourage economic growth by providing tax breaks and looser planning restrictions.
Define ‘flagship’
A large scale high profile, often high cost, development e.g. London Olympic park in Salford Quays
Define ‘footloose’
Businesses which are not tied to deliveries of raw/exported goods so can be located anywhere.
Define ‘function’
The role a settlement plays for its community and surroundings. These may grow, disappear and change over time. 4 key functions are industrial, administrative, commercial and residential.
Define ‘gated communities’
Fenced in neighbourhoods with controlled access gates for people and cars. E.g. Macquarie Links Estate in Sydney
Define ‘gentrification’
When an area is redeveloped and attracts richer people, often displacing poorer tenants.
Define ‘grassroots’
Small scale, low cost initiatives, often community based aka bottom-up e.g. Squash in Toxteth
Define ‘gross value added’
The measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area.
Define ‘index of multiple deprivation’
A government measure of how deprived areas are, based on economic, social and environmental factors.
Define ‘inequality’
The idea that different people/communities experience different standards of living.
Define ‘intergenerational cycle’
A pattern of poverty that is passed through generations.
Define ‘knowledge economy’
Jobs based on knowledge incentive activities like scientific research and technology
Define ‘legacy’
The longer term effects of regeneration schemes
Define ‘lived experience’
How the actual experience of living in a place can impact peoples, perceptions, beliefs and values
Define ‘mechanisation’
The automation of tasks/jobs so that humans no longer have to do a job or run the machine used
Define ‘positive and negative multiplier effect’
Negative = the negative knock on effects of an action or change
Positive = the positive knock on effects of an action or change
Define ‘NIMBYism’
‘Not in my back yard;
The opposition of residents to new developments close to them e.g. tall buildings or wind turbines
Define ‘north-south divide’
The concept of a social, economic and cultural gap between the North and South of the UK
Define ‘Northern Powerhouse’
A government policy to increase economic power and significance of Northern cities.
Introduced by the coalition government in 2014
Define
Why might urban areas need regenerating?
- Poor social development (high % of people with poor health and education)
- Poor economic development (high unemployment rates or people in low skilled work)
- Deindustrialisation (loss of jobs due to global shift)
- Loss of retail and office space due to technology and high rent prices
- Drosscape
- Increasing cost of upkeep
Why might coastal areas need regenerating?
- Decline in traditional fishing industry
- Low cost package holidays to foreign countries so less tourism to local costal areas
- Lack of employment due to low education this can lead to higher crime rates
- Seasonal economy
- Peripheral geography so remote and hard to access
Why might rural areas need regenerating?
- Poor image (may be seen as backwards, unwelcoming or boring)
- Lack of affordable housing due to second homes inflating house prices
- Disappearance of rural services (like buses and post offices)
- Depopulation as young people move out due to lack of opportunities
- Mechanisation leads to agricultural change and loss of jobs
- Post-productionism means there is a focus on sustainable agriculture instead of maximum yields
In what ways do places vary?
- Physical landscapes with factors like geology, climate or whether a place is coastal or inland
- Human landscapes with factors like population characteristics, income and opportunities
- Economic past can lead to a legacy of historical buildings
- Religious past can lead to a legacy of places of worship
- Local culture with factors like language, food, sports etc
- Media portrayal
- Dynamism (the rate at which they change)
How are economies classified?
- By sector: Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors
- Types of workers: employee’s with contracts, self employed, agency staff, seasonal/temporary, zero hour contracts
What is the clark-fisher model?
