Refresher: Psychiatric Nursing 2 Flashcards
Disturbances in Communication:
act of being mute
Disturbances in Communication:
Mutism
Disturbances in Communication:
always say NO
Disturbances in Communication:
Negativism
Disturbances in Communication:
beating around the bush (paligoy-ligoy); WITH AN ANSWER
Disturbances in Communication:
Circumstantiality
Disturbances in Communication:
beating around the bush (paligoy-ligoy); WITHOUT AN ANSWER
Disturbances in Communication:
Tangentiality
Disturbances in Communication:
flowery words
Disturbances in Communication:
Stilted language
Disturbances in Communication:
with meaning, slightly related
Disturbances in Communication:
Flight of ideas
Disturbances in Communication:
without meaning, not related at all
(statements, sentences)
Disturbances in Communication:
Loose association
Disturbances in Communication:
from the word persevere; one topic only
Ex: Topic: bball
kahit anong topic iopen, they always come back sa topic na bball
Disturbances in Communication:
Perseveration
Disturbances in Communication:
parrot-like imitation
Disturbances in Communication:
Echolalia
Disturbances in Communication:
repetition of stereotyped words (last syllable)
Ex: Nahulog-log-log..
Disturbances in Communication:
Palilalia
Disturbances in Communication:
repetition of the same words all over again, may topic or wala
Disturbances in Communication:
Verbigeration
Disturbances in Communication:
Copro (feces), lalia (logic, speech)
trashtalkers, bad words, curse
Disturbances in Communication:
Coprolalia
Disturbances in Communication:
coining new words (sila lang nakakaintindi)
Ex: the song, pash pash
Disturbances in Communication:
Neologism
Disturbances in Communication:
sudden cessation of thought (mental block)
Ex: during thesis defend, case presentation
Disturbances in Communication:
Blocking
Disturbances in Communication:
mixture of unrelated words
Disturbances in Communication:
Word salad
Disturbances in Communication:
rhyming
Disturbances in Communication:
Clang association
Disturbances in Perception:
fixed false “belief” (maling paniniwala)
Types:
- Persecutory - laging pinapatay
- Religious - feeling friend si Lord
- Grandeur - feeling nakakaangat sa lahat
Disturbances in Perception:
Delusions
Disturbances in Perception:
naniniwala sa mahika (Air, fire)
Disturbances in Perception:
Magical thinking
Disturbances in Perception:
extreme suspiciousness
Disturbances in Perception:
Paranoia
Disturbances in Perception:
obsession in religious ideas
Ex: ako ang tagapagligtas
Disturbances in Perception:
Religiosity
Disturbances in Perception:
irrational fear
with experience - PTSD
Disturbances in Perception:
Phobia
Disturbances in Perception: persistent thoughts (naiisip)
Disturbances in Perception:
Obsession
Disturbances in Perception:
persistent acts
Disturbances in Perception:
Compulsion
Disturbances in Perception:
ideas with intense desire
Disturbances in Perception:
Preoccupation
Disturbances in Perception:
others know what I am thinking; preoccupation of people; they want to observe
Ex: paparazzi, stalker
Disturbances in Perception:
Thought broadcasting
Disturbances in Perception:
talk of the town/main character
Ex: newscaster gives secret message through the news
Disturbances in Perception:
Delusions of reference
Affects:
incongruent (wrong emotions shown)
Affects:
Inappropriate
Affects:
little response
Affects:
Blunted
Affects:
display one type of expression
Affects:
Restricted
Affects:
unpredictable
Ex. masaya biglang nalungkot
Affects:
Labile
Affects:
absence of emotions (flat affect)
Affects:
Apathy
Affects:
two opposing feelings (mixed emotions)
Affects:
Ambivalence
Affects:
absence of pleasure; with emotion
Affects:
Anhedonia
Affects:
extreme pleasure
Affects:
Euphoria
Stress:
You have determined that there is stress
Ex: nalaman mong may board exam this Nov.
Stress:
Stage 1: Alarm reaction
Stress:
You will utilize all of your resources to solve the problem
Ex: mag-aaral ka araw-araw
Stress:
Stage 2: Resistance
Stress:
You have utilized all resources but he problem is not solved
Ex: Bumagsak ka sa board exam
Stress:
Stage 3: Stage of exhaustion
Differentiate Anxiety vs. Fear
Anxiety (unknown)
Fear (known)
Levels of Anxiety:
good anxiety; logical thinking, increase concentration, increase alertness; problem-solving approach
Levels of Anxiety:
Mild
Levels of Anxiety:
decrease attention span, selective in attentiveness
Management:
- relaxation techniques: deep breathing exercise
- encourage ambulation
- give medications: anxiolytics (to prevent anxiety) as early as moderate
Levels of Anxiety:
Moderate
Levels of Anxiety:
loud and rapid speech, difficulty of focusing even with assistance; distorted perception (don’t know what to do/say)
Management:
- remain with the patient (physically present)
Levels of Anxiety:
Severe
Levels of Anxiety:
suicidal attempts, fixed eyes, hysterical/mute
Management:
- decrease stimuli
- stay with the client
- paper bag (to alleviate hyperventilation)
Levels of Anxiety:
Panic
Neurotransmitters:
excitatory
Neurotransmitters:
Dopamine/Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Neurotransmitters:
- inhibitory by nature
could also be excitatory
Neurotransmitters:
Serotonin
Neurotransmitters:
balancer
Neurotransmitters:
GABA - gamma amino butyric acid
Serotonin:
exchange of neurotransmitters
if inside the cells = inhibitory
if outside the cells = excitatory
synapse
Anxiety Related Disorders: - worry worm; pacing - no apparent reason - 6 months - no phobias, no panic attacks, no OC manifestations if (+) = considered as disorders
Signs and Symptoms:
- palpitations (tachycardia, headache, insomia, chest pain
Management:
- assist in problem solving, teach coping behaviors, DOC: Benzodiazepines/Anxiolytics/Anti-anxiety agents: “pam-lam”
Anxiety Related Disorders:
Generalized Related Disorder
Anxiety Related Disorders:
- recurrent
- unpredictable
- panic attacks: heightened manifestations of anxiety
trembling, racing heart (tachycardia), chest pain, DOB, choking sensation
Management: - assist in problem solving, teach coping behaviors, DOC: Benzodiazepines *if with addiction to Benzodiazepine = Antihistamines 1. Primary effect: antiallergic reactions 2. Secondary effect: depressant Other meds: Betablockers: block SNS "olol" MAOI's (monoamine oxidase inhibitor) SSRI's
Anxiety Related Disorders:
Panic Disorder
Anxiety Related Disorders:
- S/Sx are 2 days to 4 weeks (1 month)
Management:
- progressive review of the trauma (Acceptance), DOC: Benzodiazepines
Anxiety Related Disorders:
Acute Stress Disorder
Anxiety Related Disorders: - S/Sx more than 4 weeks (> 1 month) - recurrent FLASHBACKS (intrusive thoughts) - re-experiencing of the trauma - defense mechanism: Displacement S/Sx: general numbing to somatic (bodily) Sx a. Irritability b. Aggressiveness c. Depression -- suicidal d. Anger e. Social withdrawal Management: assist in gaining control over angry impulses (Acceptance); DOC: Benzodiazepines; Other meds: Beta blockers, antihistamines
Anxiety Related Disorders:
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Anxiety Related Disorders:
- persistent irrational fear
- fear is unreasonable proportion to the actual danger
Management:
- systemic desensitization (gradual exposure to the fear object); by level
Ex: pinakita ang water – to wisik and so on.. to Pacific Ocean
“therapy of choice for phobia disorder”
Counterpart: Flooding (sudden exposure) - not anymore practiced
Ex: fear of water then exposed to pool
- breathing exercises
- throught stopping; rubberband: diversional
guided imagery: conditioning (pinapakita)
Anxiety Related Disorders:
Phobic Disorder
Anxiety Related Disorders: Phobic Disorder 3 main types: 1. fear of open public "takot gumora" - stay at home, stay near exits 2. fear of socializing 3. specific types (hydro, aero)
Anxiety Related Disorders: Phobic Disorder
- Agora Phobia
- Social Phobia
- Simple Phobia
Anxiety Related Disorders:
- obsessions: persistent thoughts
- compulsions: persistent actions
OCD:
- anxiety disorder, awareness, real obsessions and compulsions
OCPD: - personality disorder, not aware, no real obsessions/compulsions, perfectionist, rigid, moralistic Management: - Aversion therapy: pain/punishment DOC: SSRI (balances neurotransmitters) - give time for ritualistic behaviors unless dangerous - establish limits - diversional activities - SLRC: set limits, reality, consistency
Anxiety Related Disorders:
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
