Refractive Status

Question 1

Distance at infinity

Answer 1

At 20ft or 6m

Question 2

Distance beyond infinity

Answer 2

beyond 20ft or 6m

Question 3

Distance within infinity

Answer 3

Within 20ft or 6m

Question 4

PPF means?

Answer 4

Posterior principal focus

Question 5

used to describe the measurement of the posterior principal focus of the eye’s refractive mechanism and the retina of the same eye, with accommodation at rest

Answer 5

Static refraction

Question 6

In static refraction, the eye is looking (at, beyond, within) infinity

Answer 6

at infinity

Question 7

It is used when the refractive power of the eye is determined when accommodation is not at rest or accommodation is active

Answer 7

Dynamic refraction

Question 8

In dynamic refraction, the eye is looking (at, beyond, within) infinity

Answer 8

within infinity

Question 9

Variations from perfect coincidence of posterior principal focus of the eye with the retina

Answer 9

Refractive Anomalies or Errors of Refraction

Question 10

A perfect optical system converges incident parallel rays of light to a _____ point.

Answer 10

Single point

Question 11

The human eyes are a/an (perfect/ imperfect) optical system

Answer 11

imperfect

Question 12

The incident parallel rays of light converge to form a circle called?

Answer 12

The circle of least confusion

Question 13

Refractive status with accommodation at rest, wherein incident parallel rays of light converge to form the circle of least confusion UPON THE RETINA

Answer 13

Emmetropia

Question 14

Refractive status with accommodation at rest, wherein incident parallel rays of light converge to form the circle of least confusion INFRONT OF THE RETINA

Answer 14

Myopia

Question 15

Refractive status with accommodation at rest, wherein incident parallel rays of light converge to form the circle of least confusion BEHIND THE RETINA

Answer 15

Hyperopia

Question 16

Refractive status with accommodation at rest, wherein incident parallel rays of light do not focus anywhere in the optical system

Answer 16

Astigmatism

Question 17

In an astigmatic eye, no single focus exists in the retina due to differing power of the various _____ of the eye.

Answer 17

meridians

Question 18

Premature children usually exhibit what EOR?

Answer 18

Hyperopia

Question 19

The hyperopia in premature children may disappear within?

Answer 19

The first year of life

Question 20

Weigh of premature children at birth

Answer 20

less than 1,200 grams

Question 21

There is a high incidence of hyperopia during birth because?

Answer 21

Because at birth, the size of the eyeballs is small

Question 22

True or false

Emmetropia is common in newborn

Answer 22

FALSE. Emmetropic newborn babies are rare

Question 23

As age increases to school years, there will be an increase in (myopia, hyperopia)

Answer 23

Myopia

Question 24

If a 6-year-old child has an EOR of 0 to +0.50D, the child will likely become (myopic, hyperopic, emmetropic)

Answer 24

Myopic

Question 25

If a 6-year-old child has an EOR of +0.50 to +1.25D, the child will likely become (myopic, hyperopic, emmetropic)

Answer 25

Emmetropic

Question 26

If a 6-year-old child is myopic, the child will likely become (myopic, hyperopic, emmetropic)

Answer 26

Myopic

Question 27

In a mature individual, the trend towards _____ exceeds that towards _____.

Answer 27

hyperopia, myopia

Question 28

In matured individuals, low myopia will: a. increase b. decrease c. remain constant

Answer 28

Low myopia will remain relatively constant

Question 29

High myopia increases slightly from what ages?

Answer 29

ages 60-75

Question 30

High myopia increases slightly from ages 60-75, probably due to?

Answer 30

cataract formation

Question 31

Mid-Europeans show increased (myopia, hyperopia) than Scandinavians

Answer 31

myopia

Question 32

Negroes and Eskimos show little _____ but more_____.

Answer 32

myopia, hyperopia

Question 33

Japanese and Chinese show a high incidence of (myopia, hyperopia)

Answer 33

myopia

Question 34

Egyptians are more (myopic, hyperopic) than Sudanese

Answer 34

myopic

Question 35

Jews are more (myopic, hyperopic) than non-Jews

Answer 35

myopic

Question 36

There is (little, high) difference observed in refractive status for sexes

Answer 36

little difference

Question 37

Girls appear to become (myopic, hyperopic) at an earlier age

Answer 37

Myopic

Question 38

True or False: | The association of nutrition and diet to refractive status is indecisive

Answer 38

TRUE. Different reports contradict each other.

Question 39

True or False: | Ametropia has a genetic basis

Answer 39

True

Question 40

The association of refractive status with intelligence was made by?

Answer 40

Tscherning (1883) and Seggel (1884)

Question 41

(Myopia, Hyperopia) is predominant among desk and professional workers

Answer 41

Myopia

Question 42

True or False: | Desk and professional workers were assumed to be non-intellectuals back then.

Answer 42

FALSE. They were assumed as intellectuals.

Question 43

An association of (myopia, hyperopia) with mental deficiency has been reported.

Answer 43

hyperopia