Reforms Made To Monasteries Flashcards
What were Benedictine monks?
Monks that followed the rules of St Benedict, took vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, wore habits, were clean shaven, vegetarian and did physical labour
Where were Cluniac monks?
Monks brought by the Normans. They did the same as Benedictine monks, without the physical labour.
Why were reforms needed? (3 reasons)
- there were less monks due to instability from Viking raids
- the king was too involved
- many monks had stop being strict on clothing and food
How did the Normans revive the monasteries? Give statistics and dates
1066: added 4 monasteries attaches to cathedrals (Canterbury, Winchester, Worcester, Sherbone)
1066: the number of monks and nuns increased from 1000 to between 4000-5000
When was Cluny Abbey established and who by?
In 910 by Duke William of Aquitaine
What did Duke William give to the abbey?
Freedom form military and feudal duties, meaning they would only answer to the pope and have less interference from the local lord.
Why was Cluny an influential house?
They strictly followed the rules of St Benedict
What was Cluny assigned to do to spread the reform?
Reform religious houses in Rome and France
What new tradition did Cluny create?
All Cluniac monasteries should answer directly to the abbot of Cluny
What did priors do at Cluny?
Held an annual meeting to deal with any rising issues
How many Cluniac monasteries were there in 1135?
24
Where were religious houses built and why?
Near castles to show that the Norman domination has God’s blessing
How many Anglo Saxon abbots were left in 1086?
3
What were Lanfranc’s 3 reforms to the monasteries?
- reformed the liturgy to make it more European
- defined the role of the abbot and set up a clear hierarchy
- laid out a structure for monasteries’ domestic life, making the church be given more respect for following strict rules
