Reforms Flashcards
Who oversaw military reforms as Minister of War?
Dmitrii Milyutin
Who was Alexander II’s finance minister?
Von Reutern
Who was the liberal education minister?
Alexander Golovnin
What changes were made to the length of military service?
Reduced from 25 years to 15 years - 9 in reserves and 6 in the army
What was introduced to improve literacy and an understanding of tactics within the army?
Military Colleges
What modern weaponry was developed?
Iron-clad steamships
What were the terms of redemption payments?
49 annual payments at 6% interest
What was the mir?
Local peasant communities
What % of peasants were still tied to a landowner in 1881?
15%
What % of peasants were engaged in subsistence farming?
50%
What was the name of the local government councils introduced in 1864?
Zemstva
By 1914 how many provinces had a zemstva?
43 out of 70
Identify a judicial reform introduced by Alexander II.
- Trial by jury
- Right to defence
- Better pay and training for judges
- Press allowed to comment on trials
What year were universities granted independence?
1863
Authority for education was taken away from the church and given to?
Zemstva
Number of primary schools grew from 8,000 to?
23,000
What was the name of Chernyshevsky’s 1864 radical book?
What is to be Done?
What percentage of government income came from indirect taxation?
66%
What proportional of government spending went on paying debt?
1/3
What policy was introduced to try and stimulate the development of the railways?
Government subsidies
