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Reformation History Figures Flashcards

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1
Q

Five pre-Reformation “Reformers”

A

Wycliffe
Jan Hus (the Goose!)
Erasmus
Jacques Lefevre
Savonarolla

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2
Q

German Reformers

A

Luther
Melanchthon

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3
Q

History of pre-Reform since 1200 (or: Luther’s spiritual context)

A

1200
Intellectualism takes root
rediscovery of philosophical root

1300
decline of papacy
Babylonian captivity
Tri-pope debacle resolved in 1417

1400
Papacy reconsolidated in Rome
Savonarolla rebukes church for idolatry

1500
Fractures in RCC
Erasmus, Lefevre, Farell, Luther

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4
Q

Martin Luther (dates)

A

1483-1546
Late 15th-Mid16th C.

The swan that arose out of the goose’s ashes (reference to Hus’s burning)

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5
Q

Distinguish Erasmus from Luther

A

Luther was a Reformer, which says a lot about his personality. Erasmus was more of a scholar than anything. Luther studied to make change, Erasmus studied to gain knowledge.

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6
Q

Brethren of Common Life (key figures)

A

Gerhard Groote (the Great)

Thomas of Kampen

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7
Q

Staupitz’s influence on Luther

A

Forgiveness comes not from contrition, nor from church authority. Forgiveness is rooted in predestination. This is clearly distinct from RCC theology

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8
Q

Luther’s Theses - date and purpose

A

Oct 31, 1517

To dispute the SALE of indulgences.

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9
Q

Heidelberg Disputation

A

April 1518

30 theses. Luther’s students defend Luther’s views. Martin Bucer convinced.

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10
Q

Diet of Augsburg

A

Oct 1518

Luther asserts supremacy of Scripture’s authority

Cajetan asserts supremacy of the pope’s authority

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11
Q

Leipzig Disputation

A

July 1519

John of Eck calls Luther a “Husite” (implicit threat of death by burning)

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12
Q

Luther’s Early Writings

A

“On Papacy of Rome” 1520

“Address to German Nobility” 1520

“Babylonian Captivity” 1520

“Freedom of Christian Man” 1520

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13
Q

Philip Melanchthon (dates and remarks)

A

1497-1560
Late 15th-mid16th C

Synthesized Luther’s teaching

Moderate Lutheran, crypto-Calvinist

“Praeceptor Germanae” - a German textbook writer

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14
Q

Major Universities

A

Oxford
Cambridge
LEiden
Heidelberg
Geneva

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15
Q

Swiss Reformation Cities

A

Zurich
Geneva
Lausanne
Basel
Schaffhausen

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16
Q

Zurich (language, date of reformation, university)

A

German.
Reformed 1523.
Prophezei 1525.
Pastors: Zwingli, Bullinger

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17
Q

Basel (language, date of reformation, university)

A

German.
Reformed 1529
University from 1460
Pastors: Erasmus, Oecolampadius

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18
Q

Erasmus (dates)

A

1466-1536
Mid 15th - Early 16th C

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19
Q

Oecolampadius (dates)

A

1482-1531
Late 15th-Early 16th

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20
Q

Geneva (language, date of reformation, university)

A

French
Reformed 1535
University from 1559
Pastors: Farel, Calvin

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21
Q

Lausanne (language, date of reformation, university)

A

French
Reformed 1536
University from 1536
Pastors: Viret, Beza

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22
Q

Calvin’s dates

A

1509-1564

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23
Q

Pierre Viret’s dates

A

1511-1571

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24
Q

Theodore Beza’s dates

A

1519-1609

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25
Q

Zwingli’s Dates

A

1484-1531

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26
Q

Heinrich Bullinger’s dates

A

1504-1575

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27
Q

Zwingli begins expository preaching

A

1512

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28
Q

Zwingli appointed to Grossmunster in Zurich

A

1518

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29
Q

Sausage affair

A

1522

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30
Q

Zwingli’s Public Disputation

A

1523-1524
Recognized as peer of the bishop of Constance

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31
Q

Prophezei begins

A

1525

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32
Q

Bullinger begins teaching in 15__ in Cappel, converts in 15__

A

1521

1523

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33
Q

Antisthes

A

from Greek αντιστημι.
A head pastor connected with city council.

Examples: Zwingli and Bullinger in Zurich. Oecolampadius in Basel

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34
Q

Zurich 1522 - Council commissions a theological debate

A

Topic: fasting. The city council was urged to deal with an ecclesiastical issue (magisterial). Zwingli asked to match Bishop of Constance.

Arbiter of truth: Scripture alone.

35
Q

Scripture Mandates

A

A common phenomenon among Swiss cantons. Commitment to preach from Scripture alone. The councils policed this.

36
Q

Second Helvetic Convention

A
  1. Written by Bullinger.
37
Q

Geneva’s Councils

A

Small Council (25 men, 4 Syndics). Civic Administration

Council of 60
Preservation of Swiss Tradition

Great Council
Elected. Council of 200. Long term decisions.

38
Q

Guillame Farel’s dates and comments

A

1489-1565

Influenced by Jacques Lefevre

39
Q

Farel: 1521-1523

A

1521-1523 moved to Bishopric of Maux, led by Briconnet. Briconnet desired reform of morals, thus allowed Farel to preach.

40
Q

Farel 1524

A

Moved to Basel. Employed public disputation to progress Reformation

Wrote a French paraphrase of Lord’s prayer and apostles’ creed

41
Q

Farel 1526-1528

A

Works along with Jacques Lefevre to teach French people the truth

1526 Sent by Bern to Aigle under pseudonym “Ursinus.” Produced first French liturgical forms with the first French speaking Reformed church

42
Q

Farel 1529

A

Kicked out of Geneva for the first time

43
Q

Farel 1530

A

Works in Neuchatel, a city that supported Reform

Printing of first French confession: “Summaire”

44
Q

Farel 1532

A

Visits Waldensians

Aided by Olivetan, publishes first French translation of Bible from Hebrew and Greek

Debate with Caroli

45
Q

Geneva 1535

A

Abolish Mass
Continuation of daily preaching

46
Q

Geneva 1536

A

adopts “Scripture Mandates” common among Swiss reforming cantons.

47
Q

French Reformation History Dates

A

1557-1787

1557-1571: Formation and Establishment

1562-1598: French Religious Wars

1598-1685: Edict of Nantes

1685-1787: Protestantism outlawed; “Churches of the Desert”

48
Q

French Reformed Churches federate

A

1559

maintained unity via 29 synods in 100 years

“Hugeuenots”

49
Q

French Churches in 1560s (stats)

A

2150 churches, 816 instituted.

2 million believers (10% of population)

50
Q

French Reformed Churches 1566

A

Antoine de Changeux responds against congregationalism

51
Q

French wars of religion

A

1562-1598

52
Q

Fourth war of religion in France

A

1572-1573

RCC attempts to eliminate Huguenot leaders, 10 000 - 30 000 protestants killed. Chases refugees to Antwerp, London, Emden etc.

53
Q

Eighth war of religion in France

A

1585-1598

Pastors visit rulers to secure alliances and forces

Chandieau imprisoned 1585-1588

Henry IV turns catholic to gain Paris “Paris is worth the mass”

54
Q

Three kinds of Radical Reformers

A

Anabaptist
Socinians
Spiritualists

55
Q

Tenets of Radical Reformers

A

1) Separate church and state

2) Denounce War

3) Denounce Coercion

4) Believer’s Baptism

5) Spiritual Gifts

6) Experienced Regeneration

7) Communion of Goods

8) Church considered ideally (no hypocrites!)

9) Denial of Christ obtaining human nature from Mary.

56
Q

Origins of Radical Reformers

A

Zurich 1525 - Anabaptists expelled

German Peasants arrive in Zurich 1527

1527 - “Schleitheim Articles”

Zurich first protestant city to kill a heretic (Felix Manz, by ‘third baptism’ i.e. drowning)

57
Q

Schleitheim Articles

A

1) Credo-Baptism
2) The Ban
3) Breaking Bread only for baptized
4) Separation from Abomination
5) Pastors in the Church
6) The Sword limited to the ban for Christians
7) Oaths Forbidden

58
Q

Radical Reformers: Anabaptist characteristics

A

Pacifist

Scripture is only authority

59
Q

Radical Reformers: Socinians

A

Reject Trinity + Two Natures of Christ

Reason is the authority

60
Q

Radical Reformers: Spiritualists

A

Gnostic type
Experience and Visions, Direct Revelation are the authority.

61
Q

Hubmaier’s martyrdom

A

Arrives in Zurich 1526

tortured, recants. Moves to Moravia. Martyred in 1528.

62
Q

Blaurach’s martyrdom

A

moved from Zurich to Tyrol, martyred in Tyrol 1529

63
Q

Hutter’s martyrdom

A

Martyred in Auspitz 1536

64
Q

Menno Simons

A

Former RCC priest

Rejects RCC, becomes Anabaptist 1536.

65
Q

Three Reformed responses to Anabaptists

A

Zwingli 1525 - “Against the Tricks of the Katabaptists”

Calvin 1547 - “Treatise against the Anabaptists and Libertines”

de Bres 1565 - “The Root, Source and Foundation of the Anabaptists”

66
Q

“Treatise against the Anabaptists and Libertines”

A

Calvin 1547

Called them enemies of God and the human race

Took issue with their disorderly conduct

67
Q

“The Root, Source and Foundation of the Anabaptists”

A

de Bres 1565

Countered their errors on the incarnation, which described Christ’s conception as “water through a pipe.”

68
Q

Socinian teachers

A

Faustius - rejected that Christ is true and eternal God

Laelius - doubts about theology generally

69
Q

Socinian Catechism

A

Taught that Christ is only a man, denied Christ’s divinity as repugnant

70
Q

Spiritualists: Teachers

A

Hinne Rode

Loy Pruystinck

These two men visit Luther in 1524; Luther warns others that they think man’s reason IS the Holy Spirit

71
Q

Spiritualist Doctrines

A

Goal of salvation is to be absorbed into divine being

Poor Christology

72
Q

Early Dutch Reformation

A

1380-1471

Thomas of Kampen. Seeks revival of personal piety.

Kampen housed at least 100 “chapters” of the Devotio Moderna. This ended with the Protestant Reformation

73
Q

Erasmus

A

1466-1536

From Rotterdam

Took issue with RCC and Reformed alike

“Prince of Humanists”

Freshly interpreted Greek, e.g.: μετανοεω = repentance NOT do penance

74
Q

Dutch Reformation’s First martyrs

A

Died in Antwerp 1523

Jonge Van Essen
Hendrik Vos

75
Q

Dutch Reformed in the South

A

1530s

French Speaking, centered in Antwerp. Tyndale martyred in Antwerp in 1536.

Many martyrs by 1555.

76
Q

Year of Wonder

A

1566

Hedge Preaching

League of Dutch and Swiss nobles resist Spanish. LEague is called Les Geuex (= Sea Beggars).

77
Q

William of Orange in 1569

A

gives ships to Les Geuex who pillage Spain and end sieges in Netherlands

78
Q

First National Dutch Synod

A

Emden 1571

79
Q

Dutch Republic Formed

A

1581

80
Q

1578 Synod of Dort

A

asserts that the church elects and ordains elders, not the state.

81
Q

Dutch Reformed Universities

A

Leiden 1574

Franeker 1585

82
Q

Publication of Dutch State Bible

A

“Staten Vertaling” 1637

Published with study notes

83
Q

Dutch Mission Work

A

1630-1654 in Brazil. Lost to the Portugese.

84
Q

Nadere Reformation

A

Nearer, more precise reformation

Focus on personal life and society.

Personal faith and godly habits the central importance of Christianity.

Church History Figures (1 decks)

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