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Western Civ. > Reformation and Scientific Revolution > Flashcards

Reformation and Scientific Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

What two important forces had weakened the Catholic church by the 1500s? How?

A

The new ideas of the renaissance, and the invention of the printing press

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2
Q

What were the two complaints about the popes and the clergy during the Renaissance?

A

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3
Q

What were the two groups of people who led the demand for reform and higher standard of religion?

A

Popular religious leaders aroused the people, and renaissance writers called the christian humanist

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4
Q

What did Savonarola show?

A

He showed that a leader could turn peoples religious passions into revolutionary directions.

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5
Q

What did Erasmus write?

A

He wrote In Praise in Folly. He wrote complaints at the clergy

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6
Q

What did Thomas More write?

A

He wrote Utopia

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7
Q

Who invented the printing press? When?

A

Johann Guttenberg invented the printing press between 1440 and 1450

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8
Q

Identify four ways in which the printing press prepared the way for religious revolution.

A
  1. Many writers criticized the corruption of the renaissance popes
  2. printed books on religion encouraged popular piety
  3. The printing press made the bible available to anybody who could read
  4. With the printing press, new ideas spread more quickly than ever before
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9
Q

How did Luther live his early life?

A

Born in Germany. Decided to become a monk because he almost died in a lightening storm

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10
Q

Why was Luther offended by Johann Tetzel?

A

Johann was selling indulges and made people feel that they could buy their way into heaven.

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11
Q

What are the 95 theses? Why is it important?

A

They were formal statements attacking indulgences. The theses were all over Germany

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12
Q

Summarize Luther’s 3 main teachings.

A
  1. Salvation by faith alone. Faith in god was the only way to salvation
  2. The Bible as the only authority for Christian life. The Pope was a false authority
  3. The preisthood of all believers. People didn’t need preists to interpret the bible.
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13
Q

How did Pope Leo X react to Luther?

A

He threatened him with ex communication if he didn’t back down.

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14
Q

What happened at the Diet of Worms?

A

It was the trail of martin Luther.

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15
Q

What was the Edict of Worms?

A

He was excommunicated from the church it declared Luther an out law. No one could give him food or shelter.

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16
Q

Why was Charles V unable to enforce the edict?

A

Because he didn’t have the authority

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17
Q

Why did the peasants’ revolt occur?

A

The peasants didn’t have good jobs and wasted most of their money on buying into salvation, as a result of low funds they rebelled against the system.

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18
Q

How did Luther react to the peasants’ revolt?

A

He wanted it to end peacefully, however it ended in a slaughter

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19
Q

What did the term Protestant come to mean?

A

Many Christians that turned away fro m the pope and the catholic church.

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20
Q

How did Henry VIII feel about Martin Luther?

A

He thought Luther was making a mockery of Christianity.

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21
Q

What did Henry request of the pope? Why did he request it and what was the pope’s answer?

A

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22
Q

What did the two laws passed by Parliament state regarding the king in England?

A

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23
Q

How did Henry enforce his reformation in England?

A

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24
Q

What changes did Henry make in the English church?

A

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25
Q

List the three children of Henry and how each ruled England.

A

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26
Q

What book did John Calvin write?

A

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27
Q

What did Calvin believe about men/women & God’s grace?

A

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28
Q

Explain predestination.

A

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29
Q

What is a theocracy and where did Calvin establish one?

A

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30
Q

Describe life in Calvin’s “city of saints”.

A

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31
Q

Where did Knox establish new religious community & what name was given to those who followed Knox?

A

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32
Q

How did Know change the politics of Scotland?

A

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33
Q

Who were the Huguenots?

A

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34
Q

In which nation(s) was Lutheranism most prominent?

A

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35
Q

Where was the center of the Calvinist movement?

A

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36
Q

What did Ignatius of Loyola write about in his book?

A

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37
Q

Who were the Jesuits and why were they important to the pope?

A

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38
Q

Summarize the 3 activities of the Jesuits.

A
  1. To set up suburb schools that taught theology
  2. To risk their life trying to covert people to Christianity
  3. To Stop Protestantism
39
Q

What were the two goals of Popes Paul III & IV?

A
  1. To reform the catholic church

2. to combat Protestantism

40
Q

What were the major ideas agreed upon at the Council of Trent?

A

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41
Q

How would the Index of Forbidden Books, help Catholicism?

A

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42
Q

What the difference between the Counter-reformation & the Catholic reformation?

A

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43
Q

How did Holy Roman Emperor Charles V attempt to counter Protestantism?

A

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44
Q

What was the Schmalkaldic League?

A

A defensive group made up of Protestant rulers.

45
Q

What were the terms of the peace of Augsburg?

A

Germanic Rulers were only aloud to believe in Catholicism and Lutheranism.

46
Q

After the Augsburg treaty, what does Charles V do?

A

He gave his power to his brother Ferdinand and his son Phillip. He then went to Spain and died.

47
Q

annulment

A

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48
Q

Catherine of Aragon

A

Married King Henry VIII

49
Q

Mary Tudor

A

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50
Q

Anne Bolyn

A

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51
Q

Reformation Parliament

A

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52
Q

Elizabeth I

A

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53
Q

Act of Supremacy

A

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54
Q

Edward VI

A

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55
Q

Marguerite of Navarre

A

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56
Q

Treaty of Westphalia

A

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Western Civ. (1 decks)

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