Reformation and Counter- Reformation Flashcards
Martin Luther
Initiated Lutheran movement in 1517 with 95 Theses on door of church at Wittenberg.
Luther: a Dominican monk, great lover of music; composer of some music.
Regarded music of Josquin des Prez as the ideal
Function of Music in church
- Emphasized congregational participation in the Liturgy.
- Required liturgy to be in vernacular rather than Latin.
Chorale
a congregational hymn melody, the type of music most closely associated with Lutheran movement.
Source of Lutheran Chorales
- Catholic hymns translated in German
- Traditional religious songs (non-liturgical)
- Secular German Lieder (songs) with new or altered texts.
Deutsche Messe (German Mass):
1526, Entire text in German with certain parts of Catholic Mass omitted.
Geistliche Gesangbüchlein (Small sacred song book):
1524, Congregational chorales: published by Johann Walter
Neue Deutsche Geistliche Gesänge
1544, (New German sacred songs) published by Georg Rhau.
John Calvin
became leader or movement previously headed by Zwingli. Calvinism eventually spread through Switzerland, Holland, Scotland, and was brought to Americaa. This is the protestant branch with which Presbyterianism is affiliated.
John Calvin fled from France to Geneva, Switzerland
Set up autocracy there: held extremely rigid, austere views.
John Calvin Views of Music and significance
no music permitted other than settings of Psalms in the vernacular
Hostility to polyphony
Hostility to instrumental church in music
Translation of Psalter into French by famous French poet Clément Marot. Musical settings of this Psalter by Louis Bourgeois published in 1562 as Genevan Psalter.
Other Psalters with Calivnist movement
- Ainsworth Psalter published in Amsterdam for English Separatists. Dutch Psalter brought to America in 1620
- Bay Psalm Book, 1st publication of music in the New World (The Massachusetts Bay Colony) 1640.
