Reformation and Catholic Reformation Flashcards
Martin Luther
Reshaped christianity in Europe
-95 theses
-Justification by faith
-Translation of the bible
-Church structure
-Cultural impact
“Justification by faith alone”
Righteousness couldn’t be earned by good works + rituals, only by belief + trust in Christ, symbol of perfect righteousness in God’s eyes
Predestination
God has already decided who will be saved and who will be damned
Immunity of person
Church members tried by Church courts, not secular
Immunity of place
Church land can’t be taxed
Pluralism
Holding multiple Church offices
Absolution
A 2-staged process:
1) Confession of sin
2) Penance: true repentence in heart, by completing asigned good work
Treasury of Merit
Church possessed infinite grace built up by good works of apostles + saints
Indulgences
Grants of absolution for sin
Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz
Bought 3 church offices; didn’t have money
John Tetzel
Experienced salesman of indulgences
Charles V
Elected HRE and called imperial diet of worms
95 theses
Theses against indulgences
Diet of worms
An assembly in 1521 where Luther was called to defend his teachings before Charles V.
Peace of Augsburg
-Ruler determine official faith of state
-Subjects must be allowed to move if discontent
-Protestant rulers couldn’t take Church lands
John Calvin
1) Best humanist ed.
2) Interested in theocratic ideas
-Wrote new articles of govt + catechism to into new theocratic doctrine
Institutes of the Christian Relgion
Calvin’s seminal work outlining his theological principles and ideas about Christian faith.
Theocracy
A system of government in which priests or religious leaders govern in the name of a deity.
The elect
A community of people who’s lives were proof of predestination
Catholic reformation
-The jesuits
-Reformed Papacy
-The council of trent
Jesuits
-Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatious of Loyola
-All members vow absolute obedience to pope
Ignatious of Loyola
Founder of Jesuits, saw himself as “warrior of Christ” teaching Catholics disciple + self-control needed for perfect obedience to Church
Spiritual excerises
Mental + emotional exercises to develop spiritual self-mastery over feelings, desires + temptations
Council of Trent
1) All levels of church org. + belief represented
2) Broke down into 2 main camps:
-Moderates: Hoped for compromises + creation of new polices to encourage Protestants to return to Church
-Conservatives: Demanded uncompromising. They won
3) All 7 sacraments
4) Authority of local Bishops had to be strengthened, allowing more effective control over pop. religious practices
