Reformation Flashcards
Martin Luther
Created the Protestant church; posted the 95 theses; believed that Christ is present in the Eucharist because of God’s mystery
Ulrich Zwingli
Relied on Erasmus’ New Testament; believed that religion should be based on scriptures
95 Theses
Posted by Martin Luther on the door of Wittenberg Church; shared his desired reforms for the Catholic Church
German Peasants Revolt
Caused by the poor treatment of peasants; not supported by Luther because they went against secular powers
Anabaptists
Believed you should get baptized later in life
Radicals
Considered to be people who wanted the Church to be separate from the state; had influence on German Peasants Revolt
Charles V
King of the Holy Roman Empire; believed it was his duty to maintain religious unity
Religious Wars in Germany and Switzerland
Charles V fought to preserve Catholicism; Ended when Charles V accepted the Peace of Augsburg
Augsburg Confession
Lutheran statement of faith made at an Imperial Diet
Peace of Augsburg
Ended religious wars in Germany and Switzerland; Charles V recognized Lutheranism
Henry VIII
King of England; left the Roman Catholic Church when he could not get a annulment for his marriage; made himself the Head of the Church of England; this Church still maintained Catholic practices until he dissolved the monasteries and absorbed their wealth
Thomas More
King Henry VIII’s chancellor; author of “Utopia”; hired to write against Lutheranism
Pilgrimage of Grace
The largest rebellion in English history that was against King Henry VIII’s changes to the church
Religious Wars Between England and Spain
Philip II prepared the Spanish Armada to attack England; trying to make the country Catholic again; Spain lost making England a superpower and proving the strength of their navy’s
Book of Common Prayer
Included order for all services and prayers for the Church of England
Mary Tudor
Moved England back to Catholicism
Elizabeth I
Considered herself the “Supreme Governor of the Church of England”; allowed people to worship what they wanted as long as they went to church
John Calvin
Created Calvinism; wrote “The Institutes of the Christian Religion”; worked in Geneva; believed that God has absolute power; believed in predestination;
Pope Paul III
Reformed the church; created the Council of Trent
Council of Trent
Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and to reconcile with other religions
Ignatius Loyola
Founded the Jesuits which spread Catholicism around the world
French Religious Wars
Huguenots (French Calvanists) against Catholics; Iconoclasm was common; Saint Bartholomew’s day violence started the war; politiques ended the war when they accepted the Hugenots
Henry of Navarre
Focused on politics to create peace in France
Edict of Nantes
Liberty of conscience and of public worship to the Huguenots
Union of Utrecht
Declaration of Independence for the northern province of the Netherlands form the southern, Catholic, provinces ruled by Spain
The Netherlands
Calvinism spread when Philip II took over the Netherlands; ended in 1609 when Spain agreed to a truce and recognized the independence of the northern provinces
