Reformation

Question 1

Who started reformation?

Answer 1

Mrtin Luther nailing 95 these to door of castle church wittenberg 31/10/1517. Protesting against indulgences

Question 2

Who was Martic Luther

Answer 2

Wittenberg Monk who lived 1483-1546 and had 6 children

Question 3

What shaped reformation

Answer 3

call for literacy and printing press

Question 4

When was Luther excommunicated

Answer 4

Called to diet of worms 1521 by Pope Leo X due to burning of the papal bull and 95 theses and refused to recant

Question 5

What happened to Luther

Answer 5

Went into hiding and Calvin took leadership for him but then idolatry and violenceso luther came out. By then Calvinism more extreme was around

Question 6

What focus did Luther put on bible and printing press

Answer 6

Printed into vernacular - luther believed in private reading of the bible

Question 7

What is justification by faith

Answer 7

Mcgrath states in doctrine of justification by faith that Luther believed he was a sinner and found it very diffiicult to rid himself of that feeling no matter what he did - it made him hate the righteous god. However, he studied Augustine teachings and evntually after studying theology discovered doctrine of justification. This made him realise that you could gain salvation through faith alone

Question 8

What did luther keep from catholicism

Answer 8

Baptism, confession he believed in, hymns, worship of eucharist - my opinion idolatry which he hates -

Question 9

Who was John Calvin

Answer 9

1509-1564 stricter protestantism

Question 10

Calvin and idolotary

Answer 10

Hated it, stained glass woindows, incence, portraits

Question 11

What was so inspirational about it

Answer 11

So strict, good for people wanting to rebel, influened 10s of millions of people usa england. Was a social and moral revolution

Question 12

Doctrine of predestinaion

Answer 12

predestined to heavan or hell minute you are born. Humans inherit sins adam and eve. nothing yu can do. worked because people were trying to show others in community they were saved

Question 13

Why Calvinism more extreme

Answer 13

They believe protestants have not yet cleansed themseves of catholic church

Question 14

What was the counter reformation

Answer 14

Catholics taken aback by the swift socio-political success of Protestantism.
Catholics fight back against territorial and religious encroachments both in various wars,

Question 15

What did Council of trent do

Answer 15

1545-63 got rid of indulgences. Banned books which confic with scripture such as heliocentric galileo successful 300 years
reformed curriculum so more maths and science taught - paradoxically

Question 16

Treaty of Westphalia

Answer 16

1648 - allows whoever rules to have the religion they choose

Question 17

Who were anabaptists?

Answer 17

Extreme protestanst
‘radical’ Protestantism thereafter seen as a religious perversion and as religiously subversive, hated and persecuted by Catholics and Protestants.

Question 18

What did anabaptists reject

Answer 18

anti-paedobaptist (rejection of infant baptism)

Question 19

Were they involved in peasants war

Answer 19

yes - asked luther to join - luther said no they are agents of the devil - known as moment protestants turned their backs on anapbaptists

Question 20

What was 30 years war

Answer 20

1618-1648 wars holy roman empire habsburg leader trying to impose catholic rule over Germanic lands

Question 21

Anglicanism

Answer 21

1534 - Created henry viii as wanted to divorce anne boleyn and catholic church wouldbnt allow
Followed many catholic stuff
didnt like protestants but allowed lutherans and calvinists - more puritan elements

Question 22

What was the primary motivation of the Dutch revolt against their Spanish rulers in the 1560s

Answer 22

The primary motivation behind the Dutch Revolt was religion. Although the underlying facts are very complex, the Holy Roman Emperor, a Catholic, was also King of Spain and ruled over the Netherlands, which was Calvinist.
Dutch Calvinists destroyed some Catholic churches, which the Emperor resented, and an 80-year civil war broke out. Eventually, the Spanish abandoned the northern Netherlands and Holland became independent.

Question 23

How did Popes during the Middle Ages ensure obedience from Catholics?

Answer 23

Popes such as Leo X (1475-1521) denied those who opposed them the right to participate in the sacraments, a process termed excommunication. Without participation in the sacraments, a Catholic would be sent to hell.

Question 24

Why did Henry break with the church

Answer 24

Henry VIII was obsessed with the idea of having a son. When his wife Catherine of Aragon failed to give him one, he asked the Pope for a divorce. The Pope was under the control of Catherine’s nephew and denied the request.
Henry banished Catherine, married Anne Boleyn (who he would later behead), and started the Anglican Church. Although technically Protestant, the Anglican Church was far more similar to Catholicism than it was to Lutheranism or Calvinism.

Question 25

In the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation, what steps did the Catholic Church take to reform itself, a process known as the Counter-Reformation?

Answer 25

Several church councils were called, including the Council of Trent, which lasted from 1545 to 1563. These councils refined and systematized Catholic belief and remedied most of the excesses that had provoked the Reformation, including banning indulgences.
So effective was the Council of Trent in reforming the Church that another church council was not called for 300 years.

Question 26

What Catholic religious order was founded in the wake of the Protestant Reformation to provide reform within the Catholic Church?

Answer 26

he Jesuits, founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1534, sought to reform the Church from the inside. The Jesuits emphasized education and missionary work, in part to refute Protestant theologians and to prevent Protestantism’s further spread.

Question 27

Which was the deadliest and longest of the religious conflicts that plagued Europe between 1520 to 1648?

Answer 27

For almost a century, Europe was torn apart by religious wars, as Protestant rulers and states sought to remain free from the Catholic Church, and the Catholic states sought to have them return to the Church.

Question 28

What attracted many of the rulers of the North German states of the Holy Roman Empire to Luther’s teachings?

Answer 28

Although Luther’s teachings were attractive in their own right, Lutheranism also gave many of the North German rulers the opportunity to seize Church lands, significantly adding to their holdings. Denmark and Sweden also became Lutheran and, by the 1530s, the Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire had lost control of most of Northern Europe.

Question 29

Where did first wars of religion break out

Answer 29

The first conflicts of the Wars of Religion broke out in Northern Germany and Switzerland in the late 1520s, when Protestants revolted against the Holy Roman Empire, which was Catholic.
The Protestants were aided by France, a Catholic power that cared more about weakening the Holy Roman Empire than about religious unity.

Question 30

What did calvin establish

Answer 30

Calvin established a theocracy in Geneva, which became home to Protestant exiles from Scotland, the Netherlands, France, and England. Upon their return to their home countries, these exiles brought Calvin’s teachings with them.

Question 31

indulgences

Answer 31

To raise money to build St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, Pope Leo X (1475-1521) authorized the sale of indulgences. The purchase of an indulgence allowed a person to shorten their (or a deceased loved one’s) time in purgatory and, in some cases, forgave sins before they were committed.

Question 32

quote mcgrath of faith

Answer 32

For Luther, it (faith) is an undeviating, trusting outlook appointment life, a constant stance of the trustworthiness of the promises of God.”