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Henry V111- Religion, Ideas and Reform > Reform of the Church > Flashcards

Reform of the Church Flashcards

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1
Q

Who assisted Henry between 1532-1540 in withdrawing the English Church from the jurisdiction of the papacy?

A

Archbishop Cramner

Thomas Cromwell

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2
Q

Briefly, between 1532-1540 what did Henry, Archbishop Cramner and Thomas Cromwell achieve? (3)

A
  • established the king as supreme head of the church
  • dissolved the monasteries
  • began to alter the Church’s doctrines and practises
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3
Q

What were the 3 main weaknesses of the Church?

A

1) corruption
2) Anti-clericalism
3) Decline of monasticism

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4
Q

What were 3 signs of corruption in the Church?

A
  • Pluralism
  • Simony
  • Absenteeism
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5
Q

What is Pluralism ?

A

receiving profits of more than one diocese

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6
Q

What is Simony?

A

the purchase of church offices

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7
Q

What is Absenteeism ?

A

receiving profits of a diocese but not being present to perform the duties associated to it

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8
Q

Who is the most prominent corrupt clergyman ?

A

Cardinal Wolsey

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9
Q

How did Wolsey commit absenteeism?

A

he was Bishop of York yet had never entered the diocese

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10
Q

What position was held by 4 Italian bishops in exchange for services to Henry at the vatican?

A

the see of Worcester (seat )

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11
Q

Which 2 people prominently pluralist ?

A

Magnus and Wolsey who both claimed more than one set of wages

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12
Q

Which was known for the practise of Simony? (2)

A

Bishop John Fisher and Wolsey

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13
Q

What is the worst example of an instance where clerical misconduct came under considerable criticism ?

A

case of Richard Hunne 1514

  • refused to pay mortuary fees for dead child
  • Found dead in his cell in the Bishop of London’s prison
  • suspected murder from the clergy
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14
Q

What was the ‘Supplication of the Beggars”, written by Simon Fisher

A

Simon Fisher was an early English Protestant convert dedicated to Henry V111 and viciously and powerfully attacked many aspects of the Catholic Church , portrayed in exaggerated terms of being greedy, corrupt and treacherous

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15
Q

What was bad about local priests? (3)

A
  • poorly educated
  • inadequate spirituality and dubious lifestyles
  • Couldn’t speak latin at mass
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16
Q

In 1520’s how many monks and nuns were there?

A

c12,000

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17
Q

Which catholic monasteries remained strict? (3)

A

Franciscans, Carthusians, Brigettines

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18
Q

What was secularisation which many monasteries were accused of?

A

that the monasteries were too involved in the world rather than being places of prayer and contemplation

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19
Q

Which gave a sermon in 1511 attacking the ambition and worldliness of the clergy and their greed for wealth and power?

A

John Colet

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20
Q

Who gave a similar sermon which commented on the ignorance and rude behaviour of priests, similar to that of John Colet’s in 1511?

A

Melton, Chancellor of York Minister

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21
Q

When was the case of Richard Hunne ?

A

1514

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22
Q

Due to corruption, what happened to many abbots?

A

Their wealth from land rents meant they were living lives of country gentlemen

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23
Q

What was the privilege of the church which cause anticlerical sentiments ?

A

“benefits of the clergy”

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24
Q

What did “benefits of the clergy” mean?

A

this allowed members of the clergy who had committed serious crimes to escape trial of normal court, this system of immunity was open to abuse and led to miscarriages of justice

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25
Q

Instead of normal courts, where were the clergy brought to trial as a “benefit of the clergy”?

A

brought under their own courts using Canon Law

26
Q

What was an effect of the case of Richard Hunne 1514?

A

led to several years of anti-clerical feeling in London where he was held under the Bishop of London’s prison cell

27
Q

How did the common people show their devotion to the church ?

A

through bequests of money in their wills

28
Q

Where is an example of when common people gave bequests in their wills?

A

In Suffolk, 50% of parish churches were remodelled due to their generosity of the people

29
Q

What were the most popular books in 1510/20’s?

A

religious texts which firmly upheld the Catholic Church

30
Q

What is an example of a popular religious text which was a bestseller?

A

“The Pilgrimage of Perfection”

31
Q

What book did Henry write ,in english and latin in 1521?

A

In defence of the 7 sacraments

Assertio Septem Sacramentorum

32
Q

What is a point that demonstrates Wolsey was not wholly corrupt ?

A

He conducted visitations on the Monasteries to try and get rid of corruption and used the money to set up Cardinal college in Oxford

33
Q

How many monastic houses had Wolsey dissolved in the 1520’s?

A

20

34
Q

What sparked anti-papal feeling?

A

Wolsey’s position as legate as he brought papal authority into England which had always been limited

35
Q

On which 2 occasions had Henry refuse Wolsey’s preferred candidates for key jobs?

A

1518 and 1528 when Wolsey tried to have his son made bishop of Durham

36
Q

What 3 positives did Wolsey do to improve the church?

A
  • improved clerical education
  • used Church wealth to fund educational initiatives
  • encouraged the preaching of sermons in English
37
Q

How is the lack of anti-papalism shown ? (2)

A

through the lack of support for the vernacular Bible and the popularity of denunciations of Luther’s work

38
Q

Why was anti-papalism limited in England compared to other places in Europe such as Spain?

A

the Pope was seen as a remote figure who did not have much control over the day-to-day running of the Church

39
Q

What idea did a lot of people prefer over the papacy?

A

many people supposed the idea of Erastianism , the idea that the king should be in charge of the Church rather than the pope

40
Q

What showed that the king was not powerless in the face of the church?

A

both Henry V11 and henry V111 had begun to reduce the rights of the clergy through canon law and “benefits of the clergy”

41
Q

What case in 1515 led to a debate regarding the position of the clergy?

A

The Standish Case

42
Q

What happened in the Standish Case 1515 briefly?

A

Bishops appealed to the king to maintain their privileges and protection of the clergy from the civil law
Henry ruled that he ‘never had any superior but God alone”

43
Q

After Henry’s book “Assertio Septum Sacramentorum” what did the Pope name Henry , english & latin in October 1521?

A

rewarded Henry with the title Fidei Defensor (Defender of the Faith) in October 1521

44
Q

When was Henry rewarded with the title “Fidei Defensor” (defender of the faith)?

A

October 1521

45
Q

What book did German, Martin Luther write?

A

“Justification by Faith Alone”

46
Q

Who was the most outspoken Lutheran in England?

A

William Tyndale

47
Q

When was William Tyndale’s accurate translation of the bible published ?

A

1525

48
Q

What restrictions did Henry place on the vernacular bible?

A

if you were caught you would be executed

49
Q

What group challenged the Church, although not radical enough to be named heretics?what did they want?

A

Humanists who wanted an improvement in the standards of the clergy

50
Q

Who were the Lollards? (who’s work did they follow)

A

a heretic group who followed a 14th century theologian John Wynclif

51
Q

What did the Lollards want? (5)

A
  • English bible
  • closure of monasteries
  • belief priests should be treated as any other man
  • described as Protestant before it was created
  • underground organisation , difficult to gauge numbers
52
Q

When were 5 Lollards publicly burned for heresy ?

A

1511-12

53
Q

Why was the fact England is an island a positive for Henry?

A

this prevented most of Luther’s work circulating and spreading ideas into the country

54
Q

Who were the White Horse Group ?

A

a group of Cambridge scholars

55
Q

Who were the group of 5 scholars of Cambridge known as the White Horse Group ?

A

Cramner, Ridely , Coverdale , Barnes , Latimer

56
Q

When did Martin Luther’s (a monk)attack on the Catholic Church begin?

A

1517

57
Q

Where is there evidence of German reformers in the 1520’s? (2)

A

in London and the east-coast ports

58
Q

Who was the leading figure in the White Horse Group and who was the most influential ?

A

Richard Barnes

-(most influential) Thomas Cramner

59
Q

Who were the 2 most influential humanist individuals in the royal circles?

A

Sir Thomas More

Bishop Fisher

60
Q

Which 2 humanists went along with reforms in which they did not believe in order to maintain their lives and positions?

A
  • Bishop Gardiner

- Bishop Tunstall

61
Q

What was important about Erasmian reformers?

A

they were in a position to influence policy-making during the reign of Henry’s successor

Henry V111- Religion, Ideas and Reform (2 decks)

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