Reform 1800-1860 Flashcards
What was the Second Great Awakening?
A major religious revival in the early 1800s that encouraged people to improve themselves and society through faith and good works.
What is the Burned-Over District?
A nickname for western New York, where intense religious revivals during the Second Great Awakening ‘burned’ through the area.
What are Camp Meetings?
Large, outdoor religious gatherings where people listened to passionate sermons and experienced spiritual awakenings.
Who was Charles Grandison Finney?
A powerful preacher during the Second Great Awakening who encouraged people to actively improve society through faith.
What was Brook Farm?
A utopian community in Massachusetts that tried to combine manual labor and intellectual work, inspired by Transcendentalist ideas.
What was New Harmony?
A utopian community in Indiana founded by Robert Owen that aimed to be a model of equality and cooperation, but it failed after a few years.
What was the Oneida Community?
A religious utopian group in New York that believed in shared property and complex marriage (everyone was married to everyone else).
Who were the Shakers?
A religious group known for simple living, equality of the sexes, celibacy (not marrying), and worship involving dance or ‘shaking.’
Who was Horace Mann?
An education reformer who pushed for public schools, better teacher training, and free education for all children.
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
The first major women’s rights meeting, held in 1848 in New York, where women demanded equal rights.
Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
A women’s rights leader who helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention and fought for women’s suffrage (the right to vote).
Who was Susan B. Anthony?
A key leader in the women’s suffrage movement who worked with Stanton to gain equal rights for women.
What is Temperance?
The movement to limit or ban the use of alcoholic drinks, often for moral and health reasons.
What was the American Temperance Society?
A group formed in the 1820s that encouraged people to stop drinking alcohol and promoted laws against it.
What was the Maine Law (1851)?
The first state law to ban alcohol, passed in Maine; it inspired other states to pass similar laws.
What is Abolition?
The movement to end slavery in the United States.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
A former slave who became a famous speaker, writer, and abolitionist who fought to end slavery.
Who was Sojourner Truth?
A former slave and powerful speaker who worked for both abolition and women’s rights.
What was The Liberator?
An anti-slavery newspaper written by William Lloyd Garrison that demanded the immediate end of slavery.
What was the Underground Railroad?
A secret network of people and places that helped enslaved people escape to freedom in the North.
Who was Harriet Tubman?
A former slave and conductor on the Underground Railroad who led many slaves to freedom.
What is Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
A popular anti-slavery novel written in 1852 that showed the harsh realities of slavery and turned many people against it.
Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe?
The author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which helped fuel anti-slavery feelings before the Civil War.
What is Transcendentalism?
A philosophy that taught people to look within themselves for truth and live simply, close to nature, and free from materialism.
