Reflexes/Peds Flashcards
Reflexes are
essential for normal development
Reflexes are basic patterns that prepare us for
more voluntary movement later
As reflexes are integrated
higher patterns of righting and equilibrium reactions come in which allow more complex motor responses.
Newborn reflexes
not easily categorized in CNS
ATNR
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
STNR
Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
Postural control
Ability to maintain body alignment while upright in space
Development of antigravity movement
Mobility
Stability
Mobility over stability
Skill
Testing reflexes and righting reactions may indicate
a normally developing CNS or indicate delays
One can tell where the delays are in the brain and at what level
but not the cause of delays
Brain injuries
Primitive reflex persistence
Abnormal muscle tone
Can’t develop antigravity movements normally
Musculoskeletal problems
Downs, MD
Lax ligaments, decreased strength
Decreased sensory function
Need intact visual, vestibular and somatosensory
Decreased motor response
Decreased timing
Reach
Movement and stabilization of arm/hand to contact an object with hand
Grasp
Holding an object
Carry
Movement of arm in space to transport object from one place to another
Release
Intentional letting go of an object
In-hand manipulation
Adjustment of object within hand
Bilateral hand use
Effective use of 2 hands together
Motor/Physical Factors
ROM
Strength
Tone
Grasp
Nonprehensile
Prehensile
Nonprehensile
Pushing/lifting objects with entire hand
Prehensile
Grasping using finger tips,
Precision :opposition
Power: entire hand used to resist forces, carry, stabilize
Types of grasps
Hook Power Lateral Pinch 3-jaw Tip
Hook
Object held horizontally in hand to carry objects is a power grasp (suitcase)
Power
Object held horizontally in hand, strength on ulnar side and skill on radial side (brush hair)
Lateral pinch
Power on small objects, pad of thumb against radial side of index (turn key)
3-jaw
Opposition of thumb to index and third finger, picking up small to medium objects is a power pinch
Tip
Opposition of thumb to index tip, forms circle with web space, picking up small objects is a skilled pinch
In-hand manipulation
Translation
Rotation
In-hand prerequisites
Supination Wrist extension Opposition Isolation of thumb and fingers Control of arches Separation of hand
Snipping
2 yrs
Cuts across paper
2.5 yrs
Cut on line
3-3.5 yrs
Cuts circle
3.5-4 yrs
Cuts square
4.5-5 yrs
Refines skill
6-7 yrs
Spoon
12-18 mn
Fork
2.5 yrs
Knife
6 yrs
Stabilizing hand
18-24 mns
Readiness skills
FMC, mastered the 1st 9 designs on Beery test
R/L discrimination
Orientation to printed form
Assessment
Work samples
Interviews
Field review
Observations
Handwriting tests
Domains
Legibility
Speed
Ergonomic factors
