Reflexes Flashcards
Deep Tendon Reflex: BRACHIORADIALIS
1) response
2) afferent/efferent
3) integrating center
1) slight forearm flexion
2) radial nerve
3) C6 spinal cord
Deep Tendon Reflex: TRICEPS
1) response
2) afferent/efferent
3) integrating center
1) elbow extension
2) radial nerve
3) C7 spinal cord
Deep Tendon Reflex: PATELLAR
1) response
2) afferent/efferent
3) integrating center
1) knee extension
2) femoral nerve
3) L2, 3, 4 spinal cord
Deep Tendon Reflex: PATELLAR
1) response
2) afferent/efferent
3) integrating center
1) foot plantar flexion
2) tibial nerve
3) S1, 2 spinal cord
Westphal sign=
-absence of any DTR (especially patellar; LMNL)
Jendrassik maneuver=
& aka?
- pt. hooks hands or feet together and pulls on the clenched hands or feet at the moment the reflex is performed
- aka= Reinforcement test
Significance of Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex Response=
-reflex responses are graded subjectively according to a classification scheme based on a scale of 0-5+ called the Wexler Reflex Scale
Wexler Reflex Grading Chart:
5+ =
- Highly increased response
- increased possibility disease pathology exists
- sustained clonus
Wexker Reflex Grading Chart:
4+ =
- Highly increased response
- increased possibility disease pathology exists
- hyperactive
Wexler Reflex Grading Chart:
3+ =
- Slightly increased response
- possibility of disease pathology exists
Wexler Reflex Grading Chart:
2+ =
-normal response
Wexler Reflex Grading Chart:
1+ =
- Slightly diminished
- lower than normal response
- hypoactive
Wexler Reflex Grading Chart:
0 =
-no response
Decreased of absent reflex=
- generally indicates a LOWER MOTOR NEURON LESION
- (can include peripheral nerve disease, posterior column involvement, cerebellar disease, hypothyroidism)
Increased Reflex=
- generally indicates UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESION
- (can include motor cortex, pyramidal tract lesions, strychnine poisoning, hyperthyroidism)
Visceral Reflexes: DIRECT LIGHT
1) response
2) afferent
3) integrating center
4) efferent
1) ipsilateral pupillary constriction when light is shined in the eye
2) optic nerve II (ipsilateral)
3) midbrain
4) oculomotor nerve III (ipsilateral)
Visceral Reflexes: INDIRECT LIGHT
1) response
2) afferent
3) integrating center
4) efferent
1) contralateral pupillary constriction when light is shined in the eye
2) optic nerve II (ipsilateral)
3) midbrain
4) oculomotor III (contralateral)
Visceral Reflexes: ACCOMMODATION
1) response
2) afferent
3) integrating center
4) efferent
1) convergence of the eyes with pupillary constriction
2) optic nerve II
3) occipital cortex
4) oculomotor nerve III
Visceral Reflexes: CAROTID SINUS
1) response
2) afferent
3) integrating center
4) efferent
1) reduction in heart rate when examiner presses the carotid sinus
2) glossopharyngeal nerve IX
3) medulla
4) vagus nerve X
Deep Tendon Reflex: BICEPS:
1) response
2) afferent/efferent
3) integrating center
1) elbow flexion
2) musculocutaneous nerve
3) C5 spinal cord
