reflexes

Question 1

rooting

Answer 1

when touched on cheek, turn head, opens mouth and searches for nipple. 3 months

Question 2

suck swallow

Answer 2

index finger inside infants’ mouth with head in midline. Strong rhythmical sucking. 2-5 months.

Question 3

moro

Answer 3

stretches out arms and legs and cries in response to loud stimuli or change in environment. 5-6 months

Question 4

plantar grasp

Answer 4

apply pressure with thumb on ball of foot. Toe flexion. 9 months.

Question 5

Galants response

Answer 5

stroke on one side of vertebrae, trunk will curve with flexion on stimulated side, body moves towards the stimulus. End of 3rd month.

Question 6

palmer grasp

Answer 6

stroking palm, baby’s hand will grasp. 4-11 months and will last a few months.

Question 7

traction response

Answer 7

pull by arm to sitting, observe head lag, coming briefly to midline before falling forward. 2-5 months

Question 8

placing reaction

Answer 8

lift infant so bottom of foot or hand is placed on table. 3 months

Question 9

Spontaneous stepping

Answer 9

suspend infant upright, support around trunk, gentle contact of soles, tilt forward and slowly move forward. Alternating stepping movements should occur. 3 months.

Question 10

ATNR Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Answer 10

gently turn head to one side, increase in UE tone on side that head is turned should occur and flexion on opposite side. 4-6 months.

Question 11

Tonic labyrinthe

Answer 11

prone- lift up to elevate for flexor tone.

Supine – lift child to sitting to observe extensor tone. 6 months.

Question 12

Landau

Answer 12

hold in horizontal prone suspension. There should be complete extension of head trunk and extremities.

Question 13

STNR Symmetrical tonic neck reflex:

Answer 13

needed to achieve quadruped creeping. in quadruped position. Passively flex child’s head forward then extend backwards. Child should flex UE and LE when head is flexed. Child should extend UE and flex LE when head is extended. 8-12 months.

Question 14

protective extension downward

Answer 14

prepares for weightbearing, standing, and breaking fall. rapidly lower infant down. Legs should externally rotate and ABD with feet dorsiflexing. Persists through life

Question 15

protective extension forward

Answer 15

for propped sitting and breaking falls. plunge child downward headfirst. Child should extend arms with fingers extended and spread. Persists through life.

Question 16

protective extension sideways

Answer 16

needed for independent siting and breaking falls. apply force to shoulder and to displace center of gravity to each side separately. Arms should ABD and extend towards side of fall with weight bearing on open palm and fingers. Persists through life

Question 17

protective extension backwards

Answer 17

needed for independent siting and breaking falls. push child backwards with enough force to displace COG. Should extend arm backward. Persists throughout life

Question 18

case study

Answer 18

dara is not yet crawling.

should test for: Landau, STNR, Protective Extension Downward, Protective extension forward, Protective extension sideways, protective extension backward.

observe: 
●      Postural support
●	Trunk control 
●	Motor Planning (Praxis) 
●	UE/LE strength