RefinedModule2Pharm Flashcards
What should be avoided with cephalosporins?
a) statins
b) alcohol
c) MAOIs
d) chelating agents
Answer: b) alcohol should be avoided
remember the “chef” who had too much to drink on the show
Which are side effects of cephalosporins?
a) bleeds
b) superinfections
c) Red man syndrome
d) long QT
Answer: a) bleeds
Remember the “chef” with his “ax”=ceftriaxone as well as cefazolin, cefotetan can cause bleeds
True or false, cephalosporin coverage becomes more broad with later generations?
True
What coverage type increases with generations of cephalosporins?
More gram negative coverage
What would 2nd generation cephalosporins be used for?
a) surgery prophylaxis
b) pseudomonas
c) pneumonia
d) meningitis
answer c) pneumonia and URI
Gives Gram + coverage and some gram - coverage
Which generation of cephalosprins penetrate the CSF?
3rd- can be used to treat gram - bacteria and meningitis
Which is not a use for 5th generation cephalosporins?
a) HAI
b) MRSA
c) enterobacteriaceae
d) pseudomonas
Answer: A)HAI (better treated with 4th gen)
What is a side effect of cephalosporins?
a) long QT
b) hepatotoxicity
c) photosensitivity
d) renal impairment
Answer d)renal impairment
(remember the “dead” kidney on the “cooking show)
Most common SE is allergic reaction
What drug can be used if a patient has a severe (anaphylactic) allergy to PCN?
a) cephalospoin
b) erythromycin
c) macrolide
d) none of these
Answer b&c
Erythromycin (a macrolide) can be used in patients with severe allergy to PCN. Avoid cephalosporin use as cross-allergy may exist (in severe allergies).
Which of these is a penicillinase-reistant PCN?
a) amoxicillin
b) piperacillin
c) naficillin
d) penicillin G
Answer c)naficillin
Others include oxicillin and dicloxicillin
They treat STAPHYLOCOCCI ONLY–> gram + narrow
Which penicillin is appropriate to treat staphylococci?
a) amoxicillin
b) piperacillin
c) oxicillin
d) penicillin V
Answer:
c) oxicillin
Others include naficillin and dicloxicillin
Which of the following are broad-spectrum PCN?
a) amoxicillin
b) piperacillin
c) naficillin
d) penicillin G
Answer: a)amoxicillin
Ampicillin is the other. They cover mostly gram + and some gram -
What does piperacillin cover?
a) gram -
b) gram +
c) both
Answer: a) gram -
Note: can be broad spectrum if combined with a Beta-lactamase inhibitor (sulbactam, tazobactam, clavulanic acid)
If I use vancomycin, what am I treating?
MRSA or C.diff
Which is a side effect of PCN?
a) QT prolongation
b) bleeds
c) renal toxicity
d) hemolytic anemia
Answer:
d)hemolytic anemia (remember the anemone that the “pencil villain” stole along with the hypersensitive hiker)
Which is not a beta-lactamase inhibitor?
a) sulbactam
b) sulfamethoxazole
c) clavulanic acid
d) none of the above
Answer b)sulfamethoxazole
It is used to treat UTIs
MALT in reference to mechanism of action refers to what 4 antibiotics?
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
Macrolides: (azithromycin/erythromycin)
Aminoglycosides (streptomycin and gentamicin)
Lincosamides (Clindamycin)
Tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline)
What is the suffix for macrolides?
“____thromycin”
What is the suffix for tetracyclines?
“_____cycline”
What are the aminoglycoside names?
GNATS
gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin
What medication is a lincosamide? (think MALT)
Clindamycin
What are carbapenems used to treat?
a) skin
b) GI
c) STI
d) serious infections
Answer: d) serious infections
also used to treat urinary and GI infections
What are aminoclygosides used to treat?
a) bacteremia
b) Lyme disease
c) STIs
d) skin
Answer: a)bacteremia and abdominal infections
Acronym GLAM means what?
Most antibiotics cover gram + and gram - except GLAM:
Glycopeptide (vanco)=gram positive
Lincosamide (clindamycin)=gram positive
AmiNOglycoside= gram negative
Macrolides=gram positive
Which is not a side effect of carbapenem?
a) renal toxicity
b) GI
c) decreases valproate
d) superinfections
Answer: a) renal toxicity
Which is not a side effect of vancomycin?
a) Red man syndrome
b) ototoxic
c) renal failure
d) QT prolongation
Answer d)QT prolongation
Other side effect is thrombocytopenia
Telavancin (synthetic vancomycin) has what side effect?
a) Red man syndrome
b) ototoxic
c) renal failure
d) QT prolongation
Answer: d)QT prolongation
Why would telvancin be used?
a) to treat organism resistant to MRSA
b) to treat organism resistant to piperacillin
c) to treat C.diff
d) to treat organism resistant to vancomycin
Answer: d) to treat organism resistant to vancomycin
Aztreonam uses include:
a) H. flu and pneumonia
b) E. coli and pneumonia
c) Klebsiella and H. pylori
d) H. flu and pseudomonas
Answer: d) H. flu and pseudomonas
Which is not a use for aztreonam:
a) enterobacteriaceae
b) E. coli
c) shigella
d) mycoplasma pneumoniae
Answer d) mycoplasma pneumoniae
Treat that with tetracycline (doxycycline)
Which beta-lactam antibiotic is resistant to beta-lactamase?
a) PCN
b) cephalosporin
c) monobactam
d) carbapenem
Answer: d) carbapenem
remember beta-lactamase “fish” with the resistance band in the video with a “penny” lead character
What ABX can be given for a UTI during pregnancy?
a) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
b) amoxicillin
c) nitrofurantoin
d) fosfomycin
e) one or more of the above
answer e) one or more of the above
Amoxicillin and Fosfomycin can both be given to pregnant patients. Fosfomycin is for uncomplicated UTIs and are a single dose. However, pregnancy itself is considered a complicated UTI which indicates use of amoxicillin?
What abx would be used for Mycoplasma pneumonia or lyme disease?
a) doxycycline
b) ciprofloxacin
c) erythromycin
d) aztreonam
Answer: a)doxycycline
What is a possible side effect of macrolide use?
a) photosensitivity
b) renal injury
c) tendon rupture
d) muscle breakdown
Answer: d)muscle breakdown when used with statins
Which antibiotic can chelate with milk, antacids, iron?
a) tetracyclines
b) aminoglycosides
c) macrolides
d) fluoroquinolones
e) one or more of the above
Answer: e)one or more of the above
a)tetracyclines and d)fluoroquinolones
Which of the following are appropriate for a patient with a severe allergy to PCN?
a) fluoroquinolones
b) cephalosporins
c) aminoglycosides
d) macrolides
Answer: d) macrolides
Which of these are safe for patients to take/consume while taking Linezolid/Tedizolid avoid?
a) SSRIs
b) MAOIs
c) tyramine foods
d) chelating agents
Answer: d) chelating agents (milk, iron, antacids)
The others should be avoided.
MAOIs/tyramine can cause a hypertensive crisis
SSRIs=serotonin syndrome
Muscle weakness associated with myasthenia gravis has been reported in what medications?
a) linezolid
b) telithromycin
c) fluoroquinolones
d) telavancin
e) one or more of the above
Answer e)one or more of the above
fluoroquinolones and telithromycin can both cause muscle weakness in M.gravis
What is the first choice in an uncomplicated UTI?
a) fluoroquinolones
b) nitrofurantoin
c) amoxicillin
d) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Answer: d)TMP/SMZ unless pregnant
Which antibiotic inhibits folic acid synthesis?
a) sulfamethoxazole
b) ciprofloxacin
c) fluoroquinolone
d) dalfopristin
Answer a)sulfamethoxazole
sulFOnamides inhibit FOlic acid; other medication in this family is sulfasalazine
Which antibiotic is associated with kernicterus and hyperkalemia?
a) fluoroquinolones
b) nalidixic acid
c) telithromycin
d) TMP/SMZ
Answer: d) TMP/SMZ
Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are associated with both of those side effects.
Others include G6PD, blood issues, renal damage, low blood sugar
Sulfa antibiotic allergies (do/don’t) cross react with sulfonureas. Whereas sulfa antibiotic allergies (do/don’t) cross react to non-antibiotic sulfonamides.
Answer: Sulfa antibiotic allergies (do) cross react with sulfonureas. Whereas sulfa antibiotic allergies (don’t) cross react to non-antibiotic sulfonamides.
