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NURS 5315 > RefinedModule2Pharm > Flashcards

RefinedModule2Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What should be avoided with cephalosporins?

a) statins
b) alcohol
c) MAOIs
d) chelating agents

A

Answer: b) alcohol should be avoided

remember the “chef” who had too much to drink on the show

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2
Q

Which are side effects of cephalosporins?

a) bleeds
b) superinfections
c) Red man syndrome
d) long QT

A

Answer: a) bleeds

Remember the “chef” with his “ax”=ceftriaxone as well as cefazolin, cefotetan can cause bleeds

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3
Q

True or false, cephalosporin coverage becomes more broad with later generations?

A

True

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4
Q

What coverage type increases with generations of cephalosporins?

A

More gram negative coverage

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5
Q

What would 2nd generation cephalosporins be used for?

a) surgery prophylaxis
b) pseudomonas
c) pneumonia
d) meningitis

A

answer c) pneumonia and URI

Gives Gram + coverage and some gram - coverage

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6
Q

Which generation of cephalosprins penetrate the CSF?

A

3rd- can be used to treat gram - bacteria and meningitis

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7
Q

Which is not a use for 5th generation cephalosporins?

a) HAI
b) MRSA
c) enterobacteriaceae
d) pseudomonas

A

Answer: A)HAI (better treated with 4th gen)

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8
Q

What is a side effect of cephalosporins?

a) long QT
b) hepatotoxicity
c) photosensitivity
d) renal impairment

A

Answer d)renal impairment

(remember the “dead” kidney on the “cooking show)

Most common SE is allergic reaction

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9
Q

What drug can be used if a patient has a severe (anaphylactic) allergy to PCN?

a) cephalospoin
b) erythromycin
c) macrolide
d) none of these

A

Answer b&c

Erythromycin (a macrolide) can be used in patients with severe allergy to PCN. Avoid cephalosporin use as cross-allergy may exist (in severe allergies).

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10
Q

Which of these is a penicillinase-reistant PCN?

a) amoxicillin
b) piperacillin
c) naficillin
d) penicillin G

A

Answer c)naficillin

Others include oxicillin and dicloxicillin

They treat STAPHYLOCOCCI ONLY–> gram + narrow

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11
Q

Which penicillin is appropriate to treat staphylococci?

a) amoxicillin
b) piperacillin
c) oxicillin
d) penicillin V

A

Answer:

c) oxicillin

Others include naficillin and dicloxicillin

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12
Q

Which of the following are broad-spectrum PCN?

a) amoxicillin
b) piperacillin
c) naficillin
d) penicillin G

A

Answer: a)amoxicillin

Ampicillin is the other. They cover mostly gram + and some gram -

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13
Q

What does piperacillin cover?

a) gram -
b) gram +
c) both

A

Answer: a) gram -

Note: can be broad spectrum if combined with a Beta-lactamase inhibitor (sulbactam, tazobactam, clavulanic acid)

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14
Q

If I use vancomycin, what am I treating?

A

MRSA or C.diff

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15
Q

Which is a side effect of PCN?

a) QT prolongation
b) bleeds
c) renal toxicity
d) hemolytic anemia

A

Answer:

d)hemolytic anemia (remember the anemone that the “pencil villain” stole along with the hypersensitive hiker)

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16
Q

Which is not a beta-lactamase inhibitor?

a) sulbactam
b) sulfamethoxazole
c) clavulanic acid
d) none of the above

A

Answer b)sulfamethoxazole

It is used to treat UTIs

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17
Q

MALT in reference to mechanism of action refers to what 4 antibiotics?

A

Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
Macrolides: (azithromycin/erythromycin)
Aminoglycosides (streptomycin and gentamicin)
Lincosamides (Clindamycin)
Tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline)

18
Q

What is the suffix for macrolides?

A

“____thromycin”

19
Q

What is the suffix for tetracyclines?

A

“_____cycline”

20
Q

What are the aminoglycoside names?

A

GNATS

gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin

21
Q

What medication is a lincosamide? (think MALT)

A

Clindamycin

22
Q

What are carbapenems used to treat?

a) skin
b) GI
c) STI
d) serious infections

A

Answer: d) serious infections

also used to treat urinary and GI infections

23
Q

What are aminoclygosides used to treat?

a) bacteremia
b) Lyme disease
c) STIs
d) skin

A

Answer: a)bacteremia and abdominal infections

24
Q

Acronym GLAM means what?

A

Most antibiotics cover gram + and gram - except GLAM:

Glycopeptide (vanco)=gram positive
Lincosamide (clindamycin)=gram positive
AmiNOglycoside= gram negative
Macrolides=gram positive

25
Q

Which is not a side effect of carbapenem?

a) renal toxicity
b) GI
c) decreases valproate
d) superinfections

A

Answer: a) renal toxicity

26
Q

Which is not a side effect of vancomycin?

a) Red man syndrome
b) ototoxic
c) renal failure
d) QT prolongation

A

Answer d)QT prolongation

Other side effect is thrombocytopenia

27
Q

Telavancin (synthetic vancomycin) has what side effect?

a) Red man syndrome
b) ototoxic
c) renal failure
d) QT prolongation

A

Answer: d)QT prolongation

28
Q

Why would telvancin be used?

a) to treat organism resistant to MRSA
b) to treat organism resistant to piperacillin
c) to treat C.diff
d) to treat organism resistant to vancomycin

A

Answer: d) to treat organism resistant to vancomycin

29
Q

Aztreonam uses include:

a) H. flu and pneumonia
b) E. coli and pneumonia
c) Klebsiella and H. pylori
d) H. flu and pseudomonas

A

Answer: d) H. flu and pseudomonas

30
Q

Which is not a use for aztreonam:

a) enterobacteriaceae
b) E. coli
c) shigella
d) mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Answer d) mycoplasma pneumoniae

Treat that with tetracycline (doxycycline)

31
Q

Which beta-lactam antibiotic is resistant to beta-lactamase?

a) PCN
b) cephalosporin
c) monobactam
d) carbapenem

A

Answer: d) carbapenem

remember beta-lactamase “fish” with the resistance band in the video with a “penny” lead character

32
Q

What ABX can be given for a UTI during pregnancy?

a) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
b) amoxicillin
c) nitrofurantoin
d) fosfomycin
e) one or more of the above

A

answer e) one or more of the above

Amoxicillin and Fosfomycin can both be given to pregnant patients. Fosfomycin is for uncomplicated UTIs and are a single dose. However, pregnancy itself is considered a complicated UTI which indicates use of amoxicillin?

33
Q

What abx would be used for Mycoplasma pneumonia or lyme disease?

a) doxycycline
b) ciprofloxacin
c) erythromycin
d) aztreonam

A

Answer: a)doxycycline

34
Q

What is a possible side effect of macrolide use?

a) photosensitivity
b) renal injury
c) tendon rupture
d) muscle breakdown

A

Answer: d)muscle breakdown when used with statins

35
Q

Which antibiotic can chelate with milk, antacids, iron?

a) tetracyclines
b) aminoglycosides
c) macrolides
d) fluoroquinolones
e) one or more of the above

A

Answer: e)one or more of the above

a)tetracyclines and d)fluoroquinolones

36
Q

Which of the following are appropriate for a patient with a severe allergy to PCN?

a) fluoroquinolones
b) cephalosporins
c) aminoglycosides
d) macrolides

A

Answer: d) macrolides

37
Q

Which of these are safe for patients to take/consume while taking Linezolid/Tedizolid avoid?

a) SSRIs
b) MAOIs
c) tyramine foods
d) chelating agents

A

Answer: d) chelating agents (milk, iron, antacids)

The others should be avoided.

MAOIs/tyramine can cause a hypertensive crisis
SSRIs=serotonin syndrome

38
Q

Muscle weakness associated with myasthenia gravis has been reported in what medications?

a) linezolid
b) telithromycin
c) fluoroquinolones
d) telavancin
e) one or more of the above

A

Answer e)one or more of the above

fluoroquinolones and telithromycin can both cause muscle weakness in M.gravis

39
Q

What is the first choice in an uncomplicated UTI?

a) fluoroquinolones
b) nitrofurantoin
c) amoxicillin
d) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

A

Answer: d)TMP/SMZ unless pregnant

40
Q

Which antibiotic inhibits folic acid synthesis?

a) sulfamethoxazole
b) ciprofloxacin
c) fluoroquinolone
d) dalfopristin

A

Answer a)sulfamethoxazole

sulFOnamides inhibit FOlic acid; other medication in this family is sulfasalazine

41
Q

Which antibiotic is associated with kernicterus and hyperkalemia?

a) fluoroquinolones
b) nalidixic acid
c) telithromycin
d) TMP/SMZ

A

Answer: d) TMP/SMZ

Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are associated with both of those side effects.

Others include G6PD, blood issues, renal damage, low blood sugar

42
Q

Sulfa antibiotic allergies (do/don’t) cross react with sulfonureas. Whereas sulfa antibiotic allergies (do/don’t) cross react to non-antibiotic sulfonamides.

A

Answer: Sulfa antibiotic allergies (do) cross react with sulfonureas. Whereas sulfa antibiotic allergies (don’t) cross react to non-antibiotic sulfonamides.

NURS 5315 (4 decks)

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