References for exam Flashcards
Bragg et al 2014
Bioremediation: no adverse effects in Exxon Valdez spill
not effective on extensively degraded oil however
fine sediment areas (mud flats and marshes) only effective at shallower depths…
Bioremediation: no adverse effects in Exxon Valdez spill
not effective on extensively degraded oil however
fine sediment areas (mud flats and marshes) only effective at shallower depths…
Bragg et al 2014
Bearer et al 2014
Bioremediation impacts on microbial communities
with no oxygen, bacteria must decompose the oil
decomposed by microbes using e- receptors
changes geo-chemical and geo-physical properties of the sediment
Bioremediation impacts on microbial communities
with no oxygen, bacteria must decompose the oil
decomposed by microbes using e- receptors
changes geo-chemical and geo-physical properties of the sediment
Bearer et al 2014
Gonzalez et al 2015
Bioremediation - Prestige oil spill
dependent on the environment
Rhodococcus is a key player in the microbial response to spills (especially alkaline fractions)
inorganic fertilisers enhance degradation rates
Bioremediation - Prestige oil spill
dependent on the environment
Rhodococcus is a key player in the microbial response to spills (especially alkaline fractions)
inorganic fertilisers enhance degradation rates
Gonzalez et al 2015
Hall et al 2013
2003 oil demand was 40% of the World’s energy
of all 220 nations only 42 produce oil and 38 of them export it
2003 oil demand was 40% of the World’s energy
of all 220 nations only 42 produce oil and 38 of them export it
Hall et al 2013
Wade et al 2014
MRE development and Great Skuas in Scotland
GPs checking overlap showed little overlap, only some with non-breeders and wave energy sites
needs long term monitoring
MRE development and Great Skuas in Scotland
GPs checking overlap showed little overlap, only some with non-breeders and wave energy sites
needs long term monitoring
Wade et al 2014
Inger et al 2009
Benefits to fishing of MRE
- can increase biodiversity
- artificial reefs and fish aggregation devices can improve - - - damaged ecosystems
- enhance fish stocks and benthic biota
- wider context - high connectivity means benefits outside MPAs.
Benefits to fishing of MRE
- can increase biodiversity
- artificial reefs and fish aggregation devices can improve - - - damaged ecosystems
- enhance fish stocks and benthic biota
- wider context - high connectivity means benefits outside MPAs.
Inger et al 2009
Shields et al 2009
Tidal energy devices (Pentland Firth, Scotland).
- devices generate noise
- increased shipping noise to area
- collision risk increased by increase in ambient noise
- electric and magnetic fields generated
- changes to water flow and sediment patterns
Tidal energy devices (Pentland Firth, Scotland).
- devices generate noise
- increased shipping noise to area
- collision risk increased by increase in ambient noise
- electric and magnetic fields generated
- changes to water flow and sediment patterns
Shields et al 2009
Williamson & Blondel 2012
Multibeam imaging in Orkney
use of tidal flow, bird observations, radar surveys and acoustic monitoring
fish marine mammals and seabirds can be followed with their interaction with MRE devices
Multibeam imaging in Orkney
use of tidal flow, bird observations, radar surveys and acoustic monitoring
fish marine mammals and seabirds can be followed with their interaction with MRE devices
Williamson and Blondel 2012
Malakoff 2001
Simultaneous stranding of 16 whales in Bahamas (March 2000)
Suspected Naval sonar caused
Masking leading to stranding and predation
Simultaneous stranding of 16 whales in Bahamas (March 2000)
Suspected Naval sonar caused
Masking leading to stranding and predation
Malakoff 2001
Malakoff 2002
Court case between environmentalists and National Science Foundation
Sea floor mapping involved with death of 2 Cuvier’s beaked whales
lead to increased precaution but still talks over whether it is enough?
Court case between environmentalists and National Science Foundation
Sea floor mapping involved with death of 2 Cuvier’s beaked whales
lead to increased precaution but still talks over whether it is enough?
Malakoff 2002
Lesage et al 1999
Beluga calls change when exposed to vessel noise
- reduction in call rates
- increased repetition of calls
- higher frequencies when vessels were close
Beluga calls change when exposed to vessel noise
- reduction in call rates
- increased repetition of calls
- higher frequencies when vessels were close
Lesage et al 1999
Erbe 2002
even the quietest boat noise can mask Orca signals faintly as they occupy the same frequency bands
Bosch 2004
European Parliament asked for 25 member nations to place moratorium on the use of high intensity sonar due to mass deaths of whales
European Parliament asked for 25 member nations to place moratorium on the use of high intensity sonar due to mass deaths of whales
Bosch 2004
Simpson et al 2011
Ocean acidification erodes crucial auditory behaviour of juvenile clown fish
- less avoidance behaviour in CO2 enriched environment
Ocean acidification erodes crucial auditory behaviour of juvenile clown fish
- less avoidance behaviour in CO2 enriched environment
Simpson et al 2011
Fabry et al 2008
increased partial pressure of CO2 causing CaCO3 saturation to reduce
reduced ability for molluscs and inverts to produce calcareous skeleton
can impact food web dynamics
increased partial pressure of CO2 causing CaCO3 saturation to reduce
reduced ability for molluscs and inverts to produce calcareous skeleton
can impact food web dynamics
Fabry et al 2008
even the quietest boat noise can mask Orca signals faintly as they occupy the same frequency bands
Erbe 2002
