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Exploitation of the Sea > References for exam > Flashcards

References for exam Flashcards

1
Q

Bragg et al 2014

A

Bioremediation: no adverse effects in Exxon Valdez spill
not effective on extensively degraded oil however
fine sediment areas (mud flats and marshes) only effective at shallower depths…

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2
Q

Bioremediation: no adverse effects in Exxon Valdez spill
not effective on extensively degraded oil however
fine sediment areas (mud flats and marshes) only effective at shallower depths…

A

Bragg et al 2014

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3
Q

Bearer et al 2014

A

Bioremediation impacts on microbial communities
with no oxygen, bacteria must decompose the oil
decomposed by microbes using e- receptors
changes geo-chemical and geo-physical properties of the sediment

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4
Q

Bioremediation impacts on microbial communities
with no oxygen, bacteria must decompose the oil
decomposed by microbes using e- receptors
changes geo-chemical and geo-physical properties of the sediment

A

Bearer et al 2014

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5
Q

Gonzalez et al 2015

A

Bioremediation - Prestige oil spill
dependent on the environment
Rhodococcus is a key player in the microbial response to spills (especially alkaline fractions)
inorganic fertilisers enhance degradation rates

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6
Q

Bioremediation - Prestige oil spill
dependent on the environment
Rhodococcus is a key player in the microbial response to spills (especially alkaline fractions)
inorganic fertilisers enhance degradation rates

A

Gonzalez et al 2015

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7
Q

Hall et al 2013

A

2003 oil demand was 40% of the World’s energy

of all 220 nations only 42 produce oil and 38 of them export it

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8
Q

2003 oil demand was 40% of the World’s energy

of all 220 nations only 42 produce oil and 38 of them export it

A

Hall et al 2013

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9
Q

Wade et al 2014

A

MRE development and Great Skuas in Scotland
GPs checking overlap showed little overlap, only some with non-breeders and wave energy sites
needs long term monitoring

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10
Q

MRE development and Great Skuas in Scotland
GPs checking overlap showed little overlap, only some with non-breeders and wave energy sites
needs long term monitoring

A

Wade et al 2014

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11
Q

Inger et al 2009

A

Benefits to fishing of MRE

  • can increase biodiversity
  • artificial reefs and fish aggregation devices can improve - - - damaged ecosystems
  • enhance fish stocks and benthic biota
  • wider context - high connectivity means benefits outside MPAs.
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12
Q

Benefits to fishing of MRE

  • can increase biodiversity
  • artificial reefs and fish aggregation devices can improve - - - damaged ecosystems
  • enhance fish stocks and benthic biota
  • wider context - high connectivity means benefits outside MPAs.
A

Inger et al 2009

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13
Q

Shields et al 2009

A

Tidal energy devices (Pentland Firth, Scotland).

  • devices generate noise
  • increased shipping noise to area
  • collision risk increased by increase in ambient noise
  • electric and magnetic fields generated
  • changes to water flow and sediment patterns
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14
Q

Tidal energy devices (Pentland Firth, Scotland).

  • devices generate noise
  • increased shipping noise to area
  • collision risk increased by increase in ambient noise
  • electric and magnetic fields generated
  • changes to water flow and sediment patterns
A

Shields et al 2009

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15
Q

Williamson & Blondel 2012

A

Multibeam imaging in Orkney
use of tidal flow, bird observations, radar surveys and acoustic monitoring
fish marine mammals and seabirds can be followed with their interaction with MRE devices

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16
Q

Multibeam imaging in Orkney
use of tidal flow, bird observations, radar surveys and acoustic monitoring
fish marine mammals and seabirds can be followed with their interaction with MRE devices

A

Williamson and Blondel 2012

17
Q

Malakoff 2001

A

Simultaneous stranding of 16 whales in Bahamas (March 2000)
Suspected Naval sonar caused
Masking leading to stranding and predation

18
Q

Simultaneous stranding of 16 whales in Bahamas (March 2000)
Suspected Naval sonar caused
Masking leading to stranding and predation

A

Malakoff 2001

19
Q

Malakoff 2002

A

Court case between environmentalists and National Science Foundation
Sea floor mapping involved with death of 2 Cuvier’s beaked whales
lead to increased precaution but still talks over whether it is enough?

20
Q

Court case between environmentalists and National Science Foundation
Sea floor mapping involved with death of 2 Cuvier’s beaked whales
lead to increased precaution but still talks over whether it is enough?

A

Malakoff 2002

21
Q

Lesage et al 1999

A

Beluga calls change when exposed to vessel noise

  • reduction in call rates
  • increased repetition of calls
  • higher frequencies when vessels were close
22
Q

Beluga calls change when exposed to vessel noise

  • reduction in call rates
  • increased repetition of calls
  • higher frequencies when vessels were close
A

Lesage et al 1999

23
Q

Erbe 2002

A

even the quietest boat noise can mask Orca signals faintly as they occupy the same frequency bands

24
Q

Bosch 2004

A

European Parliament asked for 25 member nations to place moratorium on the use of high intensity sonar due to mass deaths of whales

25
Q

European Parliament asked for 25 member nations to place moratorium on the use of high intensity sonar due to mass deaths of whales

A

Bosch 2004

26
Q

Simpson et al 2011

A

Ocean acidification erodes crucial auditory behaviour of juvenile clown fish
- less avoidance behaviour in CO2 enriched environment

27
Q

Ocean acidification erodes crucial auditory behaviour of juvenile clown fish
- less avoidance behaviour in CO2 enriched environment

A

Simpson et al 2011

28
Q

Fabry et al 2008

A

increased partial pressure of CO2 causing CaCO3 saturation to reduce
reduced ability for molluscs and inverts to produce calcareous skeleton
can impact food web dynamics

29
Q

increased partial pressure of CO2 causing CaCO3 saturation to reduce
reduced ability for molluscs and inverts to produce calcareous skeleton
can impact food web dynamics

A

Fabry et al 2008

30
Q

even the quietest boat noise can mask Orca signals faintly as they occupy the same frequency bands

A

Erbe 2002

Exploitation of the Sea (2 decks)

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