References - Abnormality

Question 1

Used virtual reality. Spontaneous environment to test if the symptoms

Answer 1

Freeman (2008)

Question 2

schizophrenia - less activity in pre-frontal cortex. Pre-frontal cortex is typically associated with attention

Answer 2

Nestler

Question 3

schizophrenic patients have low self-awareness and mistake they thought as being made externally

Answer 3

Bentall

Question 4

milieu therapy and social learning program on schizophrenic patients. Milieu therapy release and maintenance rate: 71%

Answer 4

Paul & Lentz (1977)

Question 5

Genetic explanation. MZ 50% DZ 9% / In MZ twins, the co-twin was more likely to be schizophrenic if the illness of their twin was severe

Answer 5

Gottesman & Shields (1972)

Question 6

ECT causes memory loss. Helps mainly with catatonic schizophrenia

Answer 6

Zevras (2012)

Question 7

cognitive explanation for schizophrenia — deficit metarepresentation system

Answer 7

Frith (1992)

Question 8

Cognitive-behavioral therapy. Shows thatCBT is effective at reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia in those who have previously been resistant to antipsychotic medication

Answer 8

Sensky (2000)

Question 9

learned helplessness and attributional style

Answer 9

Seligman (1988)

Question 10

BDI, negative triad, cognitive restructuring therapy

Answer 10

Beck (1979)

Question 11

depression - genetic analysis; no significant difference found but serotonin found to be sexually dimorphic

Answer 11

Oruc (1997)

Question 12

depressed people have higher levels of serotonin metabolites in their cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 12

McNeal & Cimbolic

Question 13

Depressed people have 34% more monoamine oxidase, discovered with PET scans

Answer 13

Meyer

Question 14

drug therapy more effective in people with severe, NOT mild depression

Answer 14

Fournier (2010)

Question 15

depression - MAOIs have dependence-producing effects.

Answer 15

Zitman & Kan (2002)

Question 16

depression - 50% remission rate for ECT

Answer 16

Dierckx (2012)

Question 17

depression - ECT has high relapse risk

Answer 17

Jelovac (2013)

Question 18

depression - big sample (469) tested usual care/cognitive restructuring. cognitive more effective

Answer 18

Wiles (2013)

Question 19

REBT for depression

Answer 19

Ellis (1962)

Question 20

depression - meta-analysis, REBT prompts significant improvement

Answer 20

Lyons and Woods (1991)

Question 21

depression - REBT and drug therapy equally effective

Answer 21

Iftene (2015)

Question 22

conducted a meta-analysis that showed: Cognitive restructuring effective in reducing depressive symptoms and the reduction is maintained for at least 6 months after the therapy ended.

Answer 22

Hans & Hiller

Question 23

the time for patients taking SSRIs to show suicidal thoughts is much longer than those doing psychotherapy.

Answer 23

Rucci

Question 24

Genetic explanation for ICD. Half the people who are alcoholics have close relatives who are also alcoholics

Answer 24

Peters & Preedy (2002)

Question 25

definitions of addiction

Answer 25

Griffiths (2005)

Question 26

definitions of pyromania

Answer 26

Burton (2012)

Question 27

Biochemical cause: reward deficiency syndrome

Answer 27

Comings & Blum (2000)

Question 28

Feeling-State Theory

Answer 28

Miller (2010)

Question 29

Opiate treatment for ICD / Y-BOCS questionnaire

Answer 29

Grant (2008)

Question 30

Covert sensitization. Long-term effectiveness demonstrated

Answer 30

Glover (2011)

Question 31

Imaginal desensitization

Answer 31

Blacszcynski & Nower (2003)

Question 32

Impulse control therapy for ICD

Answer 32

Miller (1975)

Question 33

defined characteristics of kleptomania

Answer 33

Kohn (2000)

Question 34

Case study of little Hans, Oedipus complex

Answer 34

Freud (1909)

Question 35

applied tension 73% of the patients were clinically improved at the end of treatment; 77% were so at the follow-up

Answer 35

Ost (1989)

Question 36

cognitive explanation of phobias; no significant difference in reports of traumatic experience between phobic and non-phobic groups

Answer 36

DiNardo (1988)

Question 37

CBT for phobia. Effectiveness comparable to AR.

Answer 37

Ost & Westling (1995)

Question 38

genetic explanation of phobia. 50% blood phobics and 27% injection phobics have parents with the same fear

Answer 38

Ost (1992)

Question 39

Behavioral explanation; classical conditioning of Little Albert

Answer 39

Watson & Raynor (1920)

Question 40

Systematic desensitization of phobia

Answer 40

Wolpe (1958)

Question 41

genes PTPRD and SLITRK3 associated with anxiety disorders

Answer 41

Mattheison (2015)

Question 42

some forms of anxiety disorders related to oxytocin dysfunction

Answer 42

Leckman (1994)

Question 43

OCD case study of Charles — compulsion of washing

Answer 43

Rapoport (1989)

Question 44

meta-analysis of effectiveness of SSRI on OCD

Answer 44

Soomro (2008)

Question 45

higher dosage of SSRI is more effective for OCD

Answer 45

Pampaloni (2009)

Question 46

treatment of OCD by CBT via telephone is just as effective as CBT face-to-face

Answer 46

Lovell (2006)

Question 47

OCD - exposure and response prevention in Jason case study

Answer 47

Lehmkuhl (2008)