References

Question 1

Powell JT et al (2007)

Answer 1

Final Follow up to UKSAT:
Compare early open repair and surveillance of small AAA (4-4.5cm)
Contrast survival of pts w/ small AAAs and general pop

Question 2

Cao P et al (2011)

Answer 2

CAESAR trial: found EVAR to have no benefits compared to surveillance

Question 3

Lederle FA et al (2000)

Answer 3

ADAM trial: Age, smoking, FHx and atherosclerosis +ve assocs.
Female, diabetes, and black race -ve assocs

Question 4

Bown MJ at al (2013)

Answer 4

RESCAN collaboration:

Used multiple RCTs to show how AAAs grow, and their risk of rupture. Yearly scans for small AAAs are more than adequate

Question 5

Scott RA et al (1995)

Answer 5

Pilot study for MASS showed screening only relevant for men

Question 6

Ashton HA et al (2002)

Answer 6

MASS trial:
showed screening conferred a great benefit. Huge risk reduction, better surgical outcomes and saved some money on emergency surgery

Question 7

Jacomelli J et al (2016)

Answer 7

First 5 years of AAA screening reviewed. Mainted the conclusion that screening reduces the risk

Question 8

Brown LC et al (2012)

Answer 8

EVAR trials (1&2):
Early mortality is better with EVAR but more secondary intervention required. Just changed the way people died.

Question 9

Brugada P et al (1991)

Answer 9

Brugada algorithm to determine SVT with aberrancy or VT

Question 10

Elliott PM et al (2014)

Answer 10

ECS guidelines for HCM

Question 11

Frank et al (1978)

Answer 11

Management of HCM

The use of propranolol in Sx reduction and outflow tract gradient reduction

Question 12

Tendera M et al (1993)

Answer 12

Use of sotalol in decreasing arrhythmias

Question 13

Sherrid et al (2013)

Answer 13

How disopryamide can be added when beta blockers aren’t enough in HCM. It decreasesboth Sx and outflow tract gradient

Question 14

Rosing DR et al (1979)

Answer 14

Showed CCBs could be used in HCM

Question 15

Maron BJ et al (2013)

Answer 15

Review on the best surgical options of HCM

Question 16

Cowie M et al (1997)

Answer 16

Early paper on use of BNP as a biomarker for HF.

Question 17

Zaphiriou A et al (2005)

Answer 17

UK natriuretic peptide study

Question 18

Mant et al (2009)

Answer 18

Meta-analysis of use of BNP, BNP and NTproBNP probably equally as effective. Cut off values fairly arbitrary

Question 19

Kelder et al (2011)

Answer 19

Meta-analysis of use of BNP, robust biomarker when added to clinical features

Question 20

Ponikowski P et al (2016)

Answer 20

ECS guidelines for HF

Question 21

Consensus Trial Study Group (1987)

Answer 21

Showed enalapril improved mortality rates compared to a placebo in HF

Question 22

Packer M et al (2002)

Answer 22

Showed carvedilol improved mortality rates compared to a placebo in HF

Question 23

Pitt B et al (1999)

Answer 23

Showed spironolactone improved mortality rates compared to a placebo in HF

Question 24

McMurray JV et al (2014)

Answer 24

Showed entresto (ARB & neprilysin inhibitor) improved mortality rates compared to enalapril in HF

Question 25

Ahmed A et al (2006)

Answer 25

Retrospective trial showing diuretic therapy in HF improved Sx but possibly increased mortality

Question 26

Felker GM et al (2011)

Answer 26

Showed bolus is no better than infusion of diuretics in acute decompensated HF, high dose is better than low but increases the risk of kidney damage

Question 27

Bristow MR et al (2004)

Answer 27

COMPANION trial, showed CRT better than drug therapy for improving Sx

Question 28

Cleland JGF et al (2005)

Answer 28

CARE-HF trial, showed CRT better than drug therapy for improving both Sx mortality

Question 29

Young JB et al (2003)

Answer 29

MIRACLE-ICD trial, CRT-D significantly better than ICD for improving Sx and LVEF

Question 30

Wells PS et al (1997)

Answer 30

Trial showing the use of a Wells Score in stratifying DVT patients

Question 31

Wells PS et al (1995)

Answer 31

Study showing why some makers aren't assoc with DVT

Question 32

Wells PS et al (2003)

Answer 32

Showed how D-Dimer and Wells Score are important in ruling out DVT

Question 33

Goodacre S et al (2005)

Answer 33

Meta-analysis showing USS for DVT is useful only in proximal clots

Question 34

Stein PD et al (2006)

Answer 34

PIOPEDII trial, showing CTPA is most sensitive for PE detection

Question 35

Anderson DR et al (2007)

Answer 35

Study showing CTPA is better than QR unless CTPA is contraindicated

Question 36

van Dongen CJ et al (2004)

Answer 36

Study showing LMWH is better than UFH in VTE Rx.

Question 37

Sudlow MF et al (1992)

Answer 37

Study showing 3 months of treatment for DVT/PE was better than 4 weeks

Question 38

Enden et al (2012)

Answer 38

CaVent trial, showed catheter directed thrombolytic therapy was better than standard anticoagulation therapy

Question 39

Watson et al (2014)

Answer 39

Systematic review showing thrombolytic therapy was better for DVT treatment but conferred a higher bleeding risk

Question 40

Schulman S et al (2009)

Answer 40

RE-COVER trial, Showed dabigatran was non inferior to warfarin

Question 41

Anelli G et al (2013)

Answer 41

AMPLIFY trial, Showed Apixaban was non inferior to warfarin

Question 42

EINSTEIN investigators (2010)

Answer 42

EINSTEIN trial, Showed Rivaroxaban was non inferior to warfarin

Question 43

Hokusai VTE investigators (2013)

Answer 43

Hokusai-VTE trial, showed edoxaban was non inferior to LMWH and warfarin

Question 44

Roselli D et al (2014)

Answer 44

Showed Apixaban was the most cost effective NOAC