References

Question 1

Wrigley, 1996

Answer 1

Spatial switching of capital

Question 2

Lord, 2000

Answer 2

Market saturation: too much supply due to rapid retail growth, not enough demand for food

Question 3

Wrigley et al, 2002

Answer 3

Argued Tesco and others only build large in-town stores to gain planning permission, using social exclusion as an excuse

Question 4

Guy, 2007

Answer 4

If developers can show need for an out-of-town centre then granted permission
Quantitative: an increase in expenditure, or increase in population
Qualitative: a need to expand consumer choice to match changing demographics

Question 5

Holt and Watson, 2008

Answer 5

Opportunity cost of UK stopping trade with Kenya: relieve environmental issues BUT increase unemployment and poverty
Call for a need to reduce the 91% carbon emissions produced from air transportation of flowers from Kenya

Question 6

Hughes, 2001

Answer 6

Stresses the importance of engaging in the debate regarding the implications for Kenyan workers if trade stopped

Question 7

Burt et al, 2003

Answer 7

5 main reasons for internationalisation (retail failure)

Question 8

Arnold et al, 2007

Answer 8

State that retailers are successful abroad if they change their retail forms and operations to match those of the host country - Home Depot didn’t do this

Question 9

Lowe and Wrigley, 2009

Answer 9

Tesco: previous international endeavours involved acquisitions, joint ventures, or partnerships, but Tesco entered USA alone and with a brand new store

Question 10

Burt et al, 2002

Answer 10

Market failure: MandS
Lost their place as a ‘global retail elite’
Lacked an overall internationalisation strategy

Question 11

Max Weber

Answer 11

Social Science Theory

Positive correlation between life chances and socioeconomic status

Question 12

Lovett et al, 2002

Answer 12

Rural areas lack access to health services as they are consolidated in urban areas
BUT over 20% UK population lives in rural areas

Question 13

Ball, 1993

Answer 13

Market system in education leads to a pursuit for class advantage i.e. wealthier families do better

Question 14

Stillwell and Unsworth, 2004

Answer 14

Beeston and Hunslet=deprived therefore have low education levels; Roundhay and Moortown=wealthier and therefore have better education levels
Leeds Uni: southern/wealthier students; Leeds Beckett: students from Leeds/North and typically poorer
Correlation between type of work and location/deprivation levels

Question 15

Social science theory

Answer 15

Max Weber

Question 16

Market saturation

Answer 16

Lord, 2000

Question 17

Argument that Tesco and others only build large stores in deprived areas to gain planning permission

Answer 17

Wrigley et al, 2002

Question 18

Quantitative and Qualitative need for out-of-town retail centres

Answer 18

Guy, 2007

Question 19

Opportunity cost of UK stopping trade with Kenya and need to reduce 91% emissions from air transportation of flowers

Answer 19

Holt and Watson, 2008

Question 20

Importance of engaging in the debate regarding implications for workers if UK stop trading with Kenya

Answer 20

Hughes, 2001

Question 21

Spatial switching of capital

Answer 21

Wrigley, 1996

Question 22

5 reasons for international retail failure

Answer 22

Burt et al, 2003

Question 23

Market failure: MandS

Answer 23

Burt et al, 2002

Question 24

State retailers are successful abroad if they change their retail forms/operations to match host country

Answer 24

Arnold et al, 2007

Question 25

Tesco: entered USA alone, whereas previous endeavours involved partnerships, joint ventures or acquistions

Answer 25

Lowe and Wrigley, 2009

Question 26

Rural areas lack access to health services as consolidated in urban areas

Answer 26

Lovett et al, 2002

Question 27

Market system in education leads to a pursuit for class advantage

Answer 27

Ball, 1993

Question 28

Leeds facts relating to education/employment

Answer 28

Stillwell and Unsworth, 2004

Question 29

Haynes, 2003

Answer 29

Rural transport services declined, therefore people without access to a car at a disadvantage - tends to be children, elderly, unemployed women thus those most in need have worst access
50% more GPs in affluent SE England compared with some industrial northern town (after adjusted for age and healthcare needs)

Question 30

Decline of rural transport services, meaning those most in need have worst access
50% more GPs in affluent SE England compared with some industrial northern towns

Answer 30

Haynes, 2003

Question 31

Corcoran et al, 2003

Answer 31

Crime concentrated in small geographical areas: hotspots

Identified high crime rates on weekends and during sporting events in city centres

Question 32

Stockdale et al, 2002

Answer 32

Prevalence and perception of crime in local areas impacts QoL
More policing in deprived areas than non-deprived but still not enough

Question 33

Concentration of crime in hotspots

Higher crime rates on weekends and sporting events

Answer 33

Corcoran et al, 2003

Question 34

Prevalence and perception of crime impacts QoL and more policing in deprived areas but still not enough

Answer 34

Stockdale et al, 2002

Question 35

Cummins, 2002

Answer 35

Term ‘food desert’ first used in 1995 governmental report

Question 36

When the term ‘food desert’ was first used

Answer 36

Cummins, 2002

Question 37

Shannon, 2013

Answer 37

Critique of retail geographers analysing food deserts

Question 38

Critique retail geographers analysing food deserts

Answer 38

Shannon, 2013