referances Flashcards
Short term climate
Alley et al 2004
Climatic records - show abrupt changes in the geological records, with paleoclimatic records showing triggers to abrupt changes
Short term Climate
McManus 2004
Dome C core from East Antartica shows 740,000 BP - showing these changes
However in last 0.5 million years there may be other factors involved
Human - extended inter glacial by 20,000 years
Long term climate change
Huddart and Stott 2010
Ice ages - evidence
Long term climatic change
Hoff and Schrang 1999
Evidence for proterozoic ice house (600 Ma) - glocial deposits, low C13, iron rich rocks, cap carbonates
Ice evolved - break up, weathering, ice albedo
Break up - carbon dioxide, open water absorption
plus 50 degrees and multi cellular life
Geological time
England 2007
Lord Kelvin 1822 - based on fourier’s quantative groundwork - cool from molten state (200-400)
Perry 1895 - convection (2-3 million)
1903 - radioactivity heat
1904 Rutherford 1904 - limited the age of the earth
Phosphorous cycle
Smithson and Atkinson 2013
Smithson and Atkinson 2013
- mineral and microbial weathering (Mycorrhyza on roots)
Soils - mineraliztion (bacteria break down organic to inorganic) and decomposition
ph best absrobed in neutrl state
- acidic - iron and aluminum
alaki - calcium
Nitrogen cycle
Bernhard 2010
Nitrogen fixation - N2 to biologcall avaliable nitrogen
Nitfrification - amonia to nitrite to nitate
Ammonox - anaerobic ammonia oxidation
Denifrication - back to nitogen gas (baillius)
Ammonification - organic into ammonium
Carbon Cycle
Sulzman 2000
Reservoiurs and exchange between them
Huddart and Stott 2010
Evolution of the atmoshphere
Volcanoes (water vapour and carbon dioxide) - split hydrogen was lost
Biologival era - cyano bactera
Eukaryotic metabolism (oxygen
Evolution of life
Simpson 2003
Bio-signatures - unreliable debate over oldest in Isua, Greenland (greenstone belt)
Early Earth Formation
Hazen 2001
Miller - Urey
Minerals - containers, scaffold, templates
catalyst, reactant
Weathering processes
Pinter 1997
Mountain building
Huddart and Stott 2010
Core formation, mantle, p and s waves, geomagnetic dynamo, melting facilities formation, early earth, archean rock record, oldrest rocks (jack Hills), inner and outer solar system, energy budget, rocks, metamorphic rocks, physical weathering
Langmuir and Broecker 2012
Earth as a system, atom, hoe light elementds were created, stars and fuel, how we got stars, chemical composition of the sun, faint young sun, type 2 supernova, steelar hypothesiseveidence, big bang, evidence for big bang, red shift, mesuring distance, big crunch, solar nebula theory, venus, thermal escape,habiable planet water and carbon, evidence for water from zircons, stable isopoe fracination
Condie 2005
why earth is pefect for life
