Reducing Agents

Question 1

LiAlH4

Answer 1

Reduces to alcohol:
Acid Chloride
Carboxylic Acid
Aldehyde 
Ester
Ketone

EXCEPT
Amide (NH2 after Double bonded O) to amine NH2 w/out O

Question 2

Ester to Aldehyde

Answer 2

DIBAL

Question 3

DIBAL

Answer 3

Ester to Aldehyde

Question 4

Acid Chloride to Aldehyde

Answer 4

(LiAlH(Ot-Bu)3)

Question 5

(LiAlH(Ot-But)3)

Answer 5

Acid Chloride to Aldehyde

Question 6

NaBH4 reduces what?

Answer 6

Ketone and Aldehydes to Alcohol

Question 7

Ketone to alcohol

Aldehyde to alcohol

Answer 7

NaBH4

Question 8

Protecting group

Answer 8

TBDMSCL

TBSCL

Question 9

To deprotect

Answer 9

TBAF (NH4Cl)

Question 10

What effect does an electron donating group have on a conjugate base?

Answer 10

Destabilizing

By donating e density onto a negatively charged carboxylate anion. Will have a higher pKa and be less acidic

(E comes from non carboxylic group) end with minus near O minus

Question 11

What effect does an electron withdrawing group have on a conjugate base?

Answer 11

Stabilizing.

Removes e density from carboxylate anion.

E goes to non carboxylic group. End up with a plus charge near the O-