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chemistry > redox reactions (chapter 7) > Flashcards

redox reactions (chapter 7) Flashcards

definitions

1
Q

What is a simple definition of oxidation?

A

Gain of oxygen by an element

Example: Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.

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2
Q

What is a simple definition of reduction?

A

Loss of oxygen

Example: Copper(II) oxide reacts with hydrogen to form copper and water.

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3
Q

What acronym helps to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction?

A

OIL RIG

OIL stands for Oxidation Is Loss, RIG stands for Reduction Is Gain.

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4
Q

What type of reactions are oxidation and reduction always part of?

A

Redox reactions

Examples include photosynthesis and respiration.

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5
Q

How can oxidation be defined in terms of hydrogen?

A

Removal of hydrogen from a compound.

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6
Q

How can reduction be defined in terms of hydrogen?

A

Addition of hydrogen to a compound.

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7
Q

What are the two methods to determine if a substance has been oxidised or reduced?

A
  • Electron transfer
  • Changes in oxidation number.
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8
Q

What is a half-equation?

A

An equation showing either oxidation or reduction separately.

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9
Q

What happens to sodium in the reaction with chlorine?

A

Sodium is oxidised.

Half-equation: Na → Na+ + e−.

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10
Q

What happens to chlorine in the reaction with sodium?

A

Chlorine is reduced.

Half-equation: Cl2 + 2e− → 2Cl−.

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11
Q

What is the oxidation number of an uncombined element?

A

Zero.

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12
Q

What is the oxidation number of Group 1 elements?

A

+1.

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13
Q

What is the oxidation number of Group 2 elements?

A

+2.

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14
Q

What is the oxidation number of fluorine?

A

-1.

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15
Q

What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in most compounds?

A

+1.

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16
Q

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds?

A

-2.

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17
Q

What does a higher positive oxidation number indicate?

A

More oxidised.

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18
Q

What does a higher negative oxidation number indicate?

A

More reduced.

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19
Q

What is the sum of the oxidation numbers in a compound?

A

Zero.

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20
Q

What does the oxidation number of an element in a monatomic ion equal?

A

The charge of the ion.

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21
Q

How can you determine the oxidation number of sulfur in sodium sulfide (Na2S)?

A

S = -2.

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22
Q

What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in the nitrate ion (NO3−)?

A

+5.

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23
Q

What is the relationship between oxidation number changes and redox reactions?

A
  • Oxidation is an increase in oxidation number.
  • Reduction is a decrease in oxidation number.
24
Q

What is an oxidising agent?

A

A substance that brings about oxidation by removing electrons.

25
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

A substance that brings about reduction by donating electrons.

26
Q

What is the oxidation number of each hydrogen atom in the reaction?

27
Q

What role does nitric acid play in the reaction?

A

Oxidising agent

28
Q

What role does tin play in the reaction?

A

Reducing agent

29
Q

Define an oxidising agent.

A

A substance which brings about oxidation by removing electrons from another atom or ion

30
Q

What happens to the oxidation number of the oxidising agent during a redox reaction?

A

It decreases

31
Q

List typical oxidising agents

A
  • Oxygen
  • Chlorine
  • Potassium manganate(VII)
32
Q

Define a reducing agent.

A

A substance that brings about reduction by donating electrons to another atom or ion

33
Q

What happens to the oxidation number of the reducing agent during a redox reaction?

A

It increases

34
Q

List typical reducing agents.

A
  • Hydrogen
  • Potassium iodide
  • Reactive metals such as aluminium
35
Q

In every redox reaction, what must be present?

A

An oxidising agent and a reducing agent

36
Q

What is the oxidation number change for Mn in the reaction MnO4− + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ → Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O?

A

Decreases from +7 to +2

37
Q

What is the oxidation number change for Fe in the same reaction?

A

Increases from +2 to +3

38
Q

How does the ability of a substance to act as an oxidising or reducing agent depend?

A

On its standard electrode potential

39
Q

Can hydrogen peroxide act as both an oxidising and reducing agent?

40
Q

What is the systematic name for FeCl2?

A

Iron(II) chloride

41
Q

What is the oxidation number of iron in iron(II) chloride?

42
Q

What is the systematic name for FeCl3?

A

Iron(III) chloride

43
Q

What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in N2O?

44
Q

What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in NO?

45
Q

What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in NO2?

46
Q

What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in the NO2− ion?

47
Q

What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in the NO3− ion?

48
Q

What is the naming convention for ions containing oxygen and another element?

A

They end in ‘-ate’

49
Q

What is the name of H3PO3 based on its oxidation number of phosphorus?

A

Phosphoric(III) acid

50
Q

What is the name of HClO4 based on its oxidation number of chlorine?

A

Chloric(VII) acid

51
Q

What is the formula for sodium nitrate(III)?

52
Q

What is the formula for sodium nitrate(V)?

53
Q

What is the balanced equation for the reaction of copper(II) oxide with ammonia?

A

3CuO + 2NH3 → 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O

54
Q

What is the unbalanced equation for the reaction of manganate(VII) ions with Fe2+ ions?

A

MnO4− + Fe2+ + H+ → Mn2+ + Fe3+ + H2O

55
Q

What is the oxidation number change for chlorine during the disproportionation reaction in cold aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A

0 to -1 and 0 to +1

56
Q

What is the product of the disproportionation reaction of chlorine with dilute alkali?

A

NaCl and water

57
Q

What is the product of the disproportionation reaction of chlorine with hot concentrated alkali?

A

Chloride ions, chlorate(V) ions, and water

chemistry (10 decks)

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