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Vitamins and Cofactors > Redox Cofactor > Flashcards

Redox Cofactor Flashcards

1
Q

Reactions of NAD+

A

Fuel Oxidation

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2
Q

Example of enzyme and significance that uses NAD+

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase (Pyruvate –> Lactate)

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3
Q

Vitamin precursor for NAD+

A

Niacin (Vit B3)

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4
Q

Source of diet for niacin

A

Meats, whole grains, fort. cereals, tryptophan

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5
Q

Pathologies associated with deficiency of niacin

A

Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dimentia) glossitis

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6
Q

Reactions for NADP+

A

Detoxification and biosynthesis

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7
Q

Example of enzyme and significance that uses NADP+

A

Detoxification: Cytochrome p450 reductace
Biosynthesis: HMG-CoA reductase (cholesterol synthesis)

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8
Q

Vitamin precursor for NADP+

A

Niacin (vit B3)

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9
Q

What is important about the phosphate on NADP+?

A

It’s used as a molecular handle

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10
Q

Reactions of FAD

A

creating/breaking double/disulfide bonds

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11
Q

Example of enzyme and significance that uses FAD

A

succinate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase (E3 subunit), TCA cycle

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12
Q

Vitamin precursor for FAD

A

Riboflavin (Vit B2)

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13
Q

Sources for riboflavin

A

milk, eggs, organ meats, legumes, mushrooms

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14
Q

Reactions of FMN

A

creating/breaking double/disulfide bonds

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15
Q

Vitamin precursor for FMN

A

Riboflavin (Vit B2)

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16
Q

Example of enzyme and significance that uses FMN

A

NADH dehydrogenase (TCA cycle), Cytochrome p450 reductase

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17
Q

Pathologies associated with a riboflavin deficiency

A

Cheilosis, glossitis, normocytic/normochromic anemia, keratitis, seborrheic dermatitis

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18
Q

Why are FMN and FAD good at reducing ROS?

A

Able to accept a single electron at a time.

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19
Q

Types of reactions of ascorbic acid

A

Collagen synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, O2 sensing, non-enzymatic antioxidant.

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20
Q

Example of enzyme and significance that uses ascorbic acid?

A

Proline and lysin hydroxylases- cross linking of collagen peptides to form fibers.

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21
Q

Vitamin of ascorbic acid

A

ascorbic acid IS vitamin C

22
Q

Pathologies associated with vitamin C deficiency

A

scurvy, slow wound healing, irritability, gingival lesions, patchier, costalcondral junction enlargement.

23
Q

Types of reactions for metals.

A

e- conduction cofactors

24
Q

Examples of an enzyme and its significance that uses metals

A

NADH dehydrogenase, Fe-S clusters transfer electrons

25
Q

Types of reactions of TPP

A

decarboxylation

26
Q

Example of enzymes that use thiamin

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1 subunit) pyruvate–>acetate

27
Q

Vitamin precursor for TPP

A

thiamin (vitamin B1)

28
Q

Source of thiamin

A

Meat, legumes, whole grains, fort. cereal

29
Q

Pathologies associated with thiamin deficiency

A

Beriberi (wet: cardiac failure, dry: neuropathy), Wernicke encephalopathy, Karsokoff psychosis

30
Q

Type of reactions that involve Lipoate

A

Acetyl transfer reactions

31
Q

Example of enzyme that uses lipoate

A

E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase

32
Q

Sources for lipoate

A

It can be made in vivo, so from simples things in the diet

33
Q

Type of reactions that involve PLP

A

Amino acid metabolism

34
Q

Example of enzyme that uses PLP

A

transaminases, alanine aminotransferase, conversion of tryptophan to niacin

35
Q

Vitamin precursor of PLP

A

Vitamin B6

36
Q

Sources of vitamin B6 (PLP)

A

Fort. cereal, meat, bananas, rice

37
Q

Pathologies associated with deficiency of Vit B6 (PLP)

A

Infants: seizures, diarrhea, anemia, EEG abnormality.
Adults: peripheral neuropathy

38
Q

Type of reactions that involve Biotin

A

carboxylation

39
Q

Example of enzyme that uses biotin

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase.

40
Q

Sources of biotin

A

covalently bonded to proteins in diet, wide spread

41
Q

Pathologies associated with biotin deficiency

A

scaly dermatitis, alopecia

42
Q

Types of reactions that use cobalamin

A

transfer/rearrangements of methyl groups

43
Q

Example of enzyme that uses cobalamin and significance

A

methionine synthase, methylamalonyl CoA mutase

44
Q

Vitamin precursor of cobalamin

A

vitamin B12, produce by bacteria

45
Q

Sources of vitamin B12

A

produced by bacteria in gut, animal byproducts like meat and dairy.

46
Q

Sources of diet for Vitamin B12

A

meat, milk, animal derived byproducts

47
Q

Pathologies associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

pernicious anemia, macrocytic anemia, weakness, fatigue

48
Q

Types of reactions that involve Coenzyme A

A

Acetyl transfer reactions

49
Q

Enzyme that utilizes coenzyme A and it’s significance

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase, final acceptor of acetate group

50
Q

Vitamin precursor to coenzyme A

A

Pantothenic acid (Vit B5)

Vitamins and Cofactors (1 decks)

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